190: BOOK REVIEW: THE POLITICS OF SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTES

Published by Book review literary Trust

BOOK REVIEW

THE POLITICS OF SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTES

By Nehginpao Kipgen

Review by: Air Marshal Anil Khosla (Retd) PVSM, AVSM, VM

 

The South China Sea is a semi-enclosed area measuring 3.6 million square kilometres in the Pacific Ocean. It spreads from Straits of Malacca and Karimata to Taiwan straits and is bordered in the north   by China and Taiwan, the Philippines in the east, Brunei and Malaysia in    the south, and Vietnam in the west. It contains numerous islands, rocks and reefs. Major ones being Spartley islands, Paracel islands, Pratas and Natuna islands and the Scarborough shoal. The area is believed to contain rich reserves of oil, natural gas, minerals and fishery stocks. The region is considered to be a centre of future economic growth in East Asia and is also sometimes called a “second Persian Gulf”. Major sea routes of shipping pass through this area. The strategic location and the abundant resources make it a subject of interest and concern for littoral states and the international community. The security issues around it always remain in focus and it is considered to be one of the flashpoints.

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187: Interesting Facts about Sudoku

Sudoku is a number game in which missing numbers are to be filled into a 9 by 9 grid of squares which are subdivided into 3 by 3 boxes so that every row, every column, and every box contains the numbers 1 through 9.

 

  • Sudoku is not just a “corresponding” name for this puzzle. In Japanese “Su” means a number, while “Doku” means only/single. So Sudoku means “only single digits”.
  • Actually, Sudoku isn’t a Japanese game it all. It is American invented. Howard Garns created it as Number Place in 1979 but died in 1989 before Japanese publisher Nikoli got a hold of it. The game didn’t really take off until 2004 though when Wayne Gould convinced The Times in London to publish it.
  • When Sudoku became a world hit in 2005, it is estimated that it is the biggest phenomenon since the Rubik’s Cube in the 1980s.
  • In the year following Sudoku going viral, pencil sales are said to have increased by around 700%.
  • Sudoku is a logic game and involves absolutely no math or language skills.
  • There are 6670903752021072936960Sudoku grids. However, the essentially different Sudoku grids are only 5,472,730,538. Lifetime is not enough to solve all the grids.
  • You don’t need to be an expert to make a Sudoku puzzle. Anyone with basic logical reasoning can make a Sudoku puzzle within minutes.
  • There is a minimum number of clues to be given for the Sudoku puzzle to have one solution. The least number of clues of a given Sudoku with a unique solution is 17.
  • The fastest recorded time to complete a Sudoku puzzle was 1 minute 23.93 seconds, as the Guinness World Records says. The record was set on May 20, 2006 by Thomas Snyder, an American Sudoku champion.
  • Arto Inkala, a Mathematician from Finland, claims to have come up with the “world’s hardest Sudoku” in 2012. Typically Sudoku difficulty is graded with 1 star being easy and 5 stars being very hard. According to Britain’s The Telegraph newspaper, Inkala’s Sudoku would be graded 11 on the difficulty scale!
  • There is a worldwide Sudoku Championship every year since Mar 2006. The first World Sudoku Championship was held in Lucca, Italy.
  • Sudoku is good for anyone and any age and helps develop mental abilities as well as keeps them in good condition.
  • Playing Sudoku regularly can have benefits, like boosting your concentration and focus, lowering blood pressure, preventing or easing depression and possibly even preventing dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.
  • Sudoku is considered highly addictive and considered as one of the good addictions.

 

Recommendation

If you did not already know it, Sudoku is a fun game that is great as a pass-time and a mental workout too. If you are looking for a game that can prove to get easier over time and present a challenge for your mental capacity, Sudoku it is. Whether you are young or old, this game offers the opportunity to occupy your mind while it provides a variety of other physical and mental health benefits too.

Question

What are you waiting for?

 

Titbits

Sudoku inadvertently obstructed justice by interfering with a court case (probably more than once). In Australia, 5 Jurors were caught playing a sneaky game of Sudoku instead of paying attention to evidence being presented.

 

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186: Artificial Intelligence (AI) & the Fake News INFODEMIC

Internet users are inundated with info every single day. Each minute, there are approximately 98,000 tweets, 160 million emails sent, and 600 videos uploaded to YouTube.

To make critical decisions in life, one requires facts. People crave a way to sort through all the information to find valuable content, they can use.

 

The Fake News “Infodemic”

Since anyone has the ability to publish information on the internet, false / fake news can be generated very easily and it travels fast and can have dire consequences.

 

World desperately needs a way to discern truth from fiction in our news and public, political and economic discussions.

 

World’s largest social media networks (companies such as Facebook, Twitter, and others) have come under fire for the part they play in spreading fake news.

 

Artificial intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence is spearheading the way towards eliminating fake and toxic news.

 

Technology and the Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are now on the job to combat the spread of misinformation on the internet and social platforms.

 

AI algorithms use natural language processing to understand and analyse text.

 

The AI models label the credibility of the source of the content with a rating of low, medium, high, and an article as reliable or unreliable based on comparisons of similar content from more than 100,000 sources.

 

The algorithms are checking not only content, but metadata and images too.

 

The algorithms also check the toxicity of content and can block out profane and obscene content.

 

Man Machine Interface

While AI is able to analyse the   enormous amounts of info generated daily on a scale that is impossible for humans, ultimately, humans need to be part of the process of fact-checking to ensure credibility.

 

Any solution for the purpose of verifying the veracity of news, images, and social discussions will have to to combine artificial intelligence and human intelligence.

 

Machines are adept at quickly analysing volumes of content. They can flag questionable items for review by a human fact-checker as well as become smarter over time with feedback from results.

 

Future Trajectory

AI-based fact checkers can be useful but they still are not fool proof.

 

As the pursuit of fighting fake news becomes more sophisticated, technology leaders will continue to work to find even better ways to sort out fact from fiction.

 

Deep learning can help automate and further refine the AI Tools that help in fake news and disinformation detection.

 

Bottom Line

It is still a Spy versus Spy game

 

Question

Will this problem be ever solved?

 

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References

https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2021/01/25/fake-news-is-rampant-here-is-how-artificial-intelligence-can-help/?sh=442daa9b48e4

https://www.mygreatlearning.com/blog/role-of-ai-in-preventing-fake-news-weekly-guide/

https://www.verdict.co.uk/social-media-hate-fake-news/

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