Tag: Warfare

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548: AIRPOWER PROJECTION FROM AIRCRAFT CARRIERS: ENHANCING MARITIME CAPABILITIES

 

Pic Courtesy Net

 

My article published in the News Analytics Journal (Dec 24)

 

Maritime aviation refers to using military aircraft by naval forces to extend their reach and effectiveness in maritime operations. It encompasses various roles and responsibilities, including reconnaissance, air defence, anti-submarine warfare, strike missions, and search & rescue. Naval aviation is crucial in maintaining a nation’s maritime security and projecting power over the seas. Aircraft Carriers are large warships equipped with a flight deck for on-board aircraft. They are mobile airbases, allowing navies to project air power far from their home bases. The carrier-based aircraft are specially designed to operate from the deck of an aircraft carrier. They include fighters, bombers, early warning aircraft, and helicopters.

 

Employment of Carrier-Based Airpower. Carrier-based airpower has been pivotal for nations to project strength, maintain regional stability, and respond to crises worldwide. With their unique mobility, flexibility, and force projection capabilities, aircraft carriers allow them to exert influence across vast oceans and landmasses, often far from their borders. Carrier-based airpower enables nations to demonstrate strength and exert control in distant regions without relying on foreign bases. Carrier-based airpower serves as a powerful deterrent. The mere presence of an aircraft carrier near a crisis area signals a readiness to escalate, which can compel adversaries to negotiate or de-escalate tensions. By deploying carriers to allied nations or engaging in joint naval exercises, Maritime powers reassure allies of their commitment to regional stability.

 

Distinctive Features of Carrier-Based Fighter Aircraft. Carrier-based fighter aircraft have unique design features and operational capabilities that enable them to operate from aircraft carriers’ limited space and moving platforms. These fighter aircraft are typically equipped with catapult hooks for rapid acceleration on take-off, allowing them to reach flying speed in a short runway distance. Some also have vertical or short take-off capabilities, like the F-35B’s STOVL (Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing) technology, enabling them to launch from carriers without catapult systems. Landing on a moving carrier requires extreme precision. Carrier fighters are equipped with a tail hook that catches on arrestor cables on the deck, allowing them to decelerate from high speeds to a complete stop in a very short distance. Carrier landings are much harder than land-based landings. Carrier-based fighters have rugged, reinforced landing gear and overall structural durability to withstand these impacts. Carrier space is at a premium, so many carrier-based fighters, like the F/A-18 Hornet, have foldable wings. This design allows more aircraft to be stored and manoeuvred on the carrier deck and hangar spaces, optimising space usage. Operating at sea, especially in saltwater environments, can lead to high corrosion levels. Carrier fighters are designed with corrosion-resistant materials and coatings to withstand harsh, moist, and salty conditions.

 

Carrier-Based Airpower Capability of the Indian Navy

 

 

The Indian Navy’s carrier-based airpower is critical to its maritime strength and regional influence. Focusing on enhancing blue-water capabilities and ensuring security in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), the Indian Navy’s aircraft carriers and aircraft enable India to project power, conduct rapid-response missions, and engage in multilateral operations.

 

INS Vikramaditya and INS Vikrant. INS Vikramaditya is India’s flagship carrier. It is a modified Kiev-class carrier acquired from Russia and commissioned in 2013. It is a STOVL (Short Take-Off but Arrested Recovery) platform, primarily operating MiG-29K fighters. INS Vikrant (IAC-1), India’s first indigenously designed and built aircraft carrier, was commissioned in 2022. It’s also a STOVL carrier and can operate a similar air wing as Vikramaditya, enhancing operational flexibility and redundancy. The aircraft carriers are equipped to operate in the Indian Ocean and project power into nearby strategic areas, especially along vital maritime chokepoints like the Strait of Malacca.

 

MiG-29K Fighter Jets. The MiG-29K is the Indian Navy’s primary carrier-based fighter. It is capable of both air-to-air and air-to-ground roles. It is a multirole fighter with advanced avionics, sensors, and a range of air-to-air and air-to-surface missiles. The MiG-29Ks offer versatility for various missions, including interception, strike, reconnaissance, and anti-ship warfare. They are well-suited for the maritime environment and equipped with radar and infrared tracking for air combat. The Indian Navy is considering the Rafale M, the carrier-based version of the Rafale, to supplement or replace the MiG-29K soon. The Rafale M is a multirole fighter with air superiority, deep strike, and maritime strike capabilities. It would add significant combat capability to the fleet if procured.

 

Rotary-Wing Capabilities. Indian Navy carriers and other ships also host a variety of helicopters that support a range of missions, from anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and search and rescue (SAR) to logistics and airborne early warning (AEW). Kamov Ka-31 helicopters are equipped for airborne early warning, providing surveillance and monitoring against aerial threats and helping to enhance the carrier group’s situational awareness. MH-60R Seahawk helicopters, recently acquired from the U.S., bring advanced ASW capabilities. These are equipped with sophisticated sensors, sonobuoys, and torpedoes to counter submarine threats, a critical role given the growing presence of submarines in the Indian Ocean.

 

 

Roles and Tasks. Carrier-based airpower allows the Indian Navy to control access to the Indian Ocean and deter hostile forces. Carrier-based aircraft and ship-borne helicopters can cover vast maritime areas, targeting enemy ships and submarines. The MiG-29Ks, equipped with anti-ship missiles and precision-guided munitions, enhance India’s offensive capabilities, allowing the Indian Navy to engage adversaries over the horizon. Carrier-based airpower allows for sustained surveillance over the Indian Ocean, a vast area monitored to counter piracy, terrorism, and unauthorised military activities. Carrier-based fighters are vital in defending the Indian fleet from aerial threats. The MiG-29K fighters, equipped with BVR (Beyond Visual Range) missiles, enhance fleet air defence capabilities and provide aerial cover for Indian naval assets, ensuring protection against hostile aircraft and missiles. These assets also support broader naval operations, including protecting shipping lanes, conducting interdictions, and supporting amphibious operations. Indian carriers have proven useful in disaster response and humanitarian missions. Their helicopters can quickly reach affected areas, delivering supplies, medical assistance, and evacuation support. This capability strengthens India’s ability to provide aid in the IOR, reinforcing regional influence and goodwill, which aligns with India’s role as a “net security provider” in the region. The Indian Navy participates in exercises like Malabar with the U.S., Japan, and Australia, using its carriers to enhance interoperability with friendly navies. This strengthens India’s operational experience and integration with regional powers, reinforcing maritime security in the Indo-Pacific. These exercises also demonstrate India’s carrier capabilities and readiness, sending a strategic message to potential adversaries in the region.

 

Harnessing Ship-borne Airpower as A Game-Changing Force Multiplier in Future

 

 

Future Developments in Indian Carrier-Based Airpower. India is planning another indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC-2) with advanced technologies, which would enable the use of heavier aircraft, potentially including UAVs and AWACS systems, and support greater operational flexibility. India is also developing the Twin-Engine Deck-Based Fighter (TEDBF) to replace the MiG-29K eventually. HAL and the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) are developing this indigenous fighter to meet future carrier-based combat requirements. The Indian Navy is also exploring the integration of UAVs for ISR and strike missions from carriers, enhancing reconnaissance capabilities and operational reach. The Indian Navy can transform its carrier-based airpower into a game-changing force multiplier by focusing on strategic and operational enhancements, technological modernisation, and optimised doctrines.

 

Enhanced Blue-Water Capability and Persistent Maritime Presence. By deploying carriers in critical chokepoints and key maritime zones, the Indian Navy can strengthen its presence in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and South Asia, deterring hostile actions and reassuring allies. Consistent patrols and joint exercises with regional navies would signal India’s ability to respond to regional crises and project sustained influence, ensuring greater security across the IOR.

 

Force Multiplication through Joint and Network-Centric Operations. Integrating carrier-based assets with air and ground forces would enable seamless joint operations. This integration would allow carrier-based fighters to coordinate with land-based assets in maritime interdiction and rapid strike missions. A network-centric approach, with shared real-time intelligence and a secure data link, would enable Indian Navy carriers to act as floating command centers, coordinating strikes, reconnaissance, and ASW operations across a dispersed battle space.

 

Bolstering Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Capabilities. With rising submarine activities in the Indian Ocean, robust ASW capabilities are crucial. Enhanced ASW capabilities can be achieved by expanding the fleet of ASW Helicopters equipped with modern sonar, torpedoes, and sonobuoys. Deploying unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) and UAVs, integrated with the carrier’s air wing for ASW surveillance, would create a layered ASW network around the carrier group, extending detection and engagement capabilities against adversarial submarines.

 

Integrating Long-Range Strike Capabilities. Equipping carrier-based aircraft with advanced long-range anti-ship and land-attack missiles, such as the BrahMos-NG and future Indigenous missiles, would enable carriers to strike targets over 500 kilometres away, beyond the line of sight. Long-range strike capabilities also make the carriers a credible threat to adversarial naval and ground installations, enhancing India’s maritime deterrence and extending its strategic reach in the Indo-Pacific region.

 

Utilising Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for Persistent ISR and EW. UAVs like the Predator MQ-9B (currently operated by the Navy) and future indigenous models could be launched from carriers for ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) missions. This would extend the carrier’s situational awareness by providing real-time surveillance across a larger area. UAVs equipped for electronic warfare (EW) would enable the Indian Navy to detect, jam, and disrupt enemy communication and radar systems, reducing adversary effectiveness in a contested environment.

 

Strategic Partnerships and Bilateral Naval Exercises. Regular joint exercises with allies, such as the Malabar exercises with the U.S., Japan, and Australia, would enable Indian carrier strike groups to practice complex multinational operations. This fosters interoperability and sends a powerful message about India’s commitment to collective security in the Indo-Pacific. Strategic partnerships also bring technology-sharing opportunities, enabling the Indian Navy to adopt best practices in carrier operations and leverage allies’ EW, ISR, and ASW technologies.

 

Expanding Multi-Carrier Capabilities. With the addition of the INS Vikrant and potential future carriers, the Indian Navy could deploy multiple carrier groups to different strategic areas or concentrate them in one for a more powerful deterrent. Multi-carrier capabilities enable excellent force projection and strategic flexibility, allowing the Navy to respond to simultaneous challenges across the IOR and enhance its role as a regional security provider.

 

Strengthening Doctrine and Tactical Flexibility. Developing an adaptive maritime doctrine for carrier-based operations focused on the Indian Ocean’s unique geostrategic demands will allow the Navy to respond to evolving threats rapidly. Adopting a mix of offensive and defensive tactics would help balance the roles of power projection and area denial.

 

 

Carrier-based fighter operations are among modern naval warfare’s most demanding and technically sophisticated aspects. They provide unmatched power projection, enabling navies to carry out a wide range of missions, from combat to humanitarian relief, often in the most remote parts of the world. The Indian Navy’s carrier-based airpower enables India to secure its maritime interests, provide regional security, and project power across the Indian Ocean. With ongoing modernisation, India aims further to enhance its carrier fleet and air wing capabilities to ensure dominance in the strategically vital Indian Ocean Region.

 

Link to the article on the website: 

SKY WARRIORS: INDIAN NAVY’S FIGHTER FLEET

 

Your valuable comments are most welcome.

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References and credits

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Disclaimer:

Information and data included in the blog are for educational & non-commercial purposes only and have been carefully adapted, excerpted, or edited from reliable and accurate sources. All copyrighted material belongs to respective owners and is provided only for wider dissemination.

 

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546: RUSSIA’S SU-57 OFFER TO INDIA: BALANCING NEEDS AND STRATEGIC INTERESTS

 

Pics Courtesy Net

 

My Article published on the EurasianTimes Website on 04 Dec 24

 

Russia has recently renewed its offer to supply India with fifth-generation SU-57 stealth fighter jets. Russia’s latest pitch emphasises improvements in the Su-57’s stealth, avionics, and combat capabilities, including integrating hypersonic weapons. To make the deal more attractive, Russia has reduced the aircraft’s cost and may accept a unique payment mechanism in Indian rupees. While evaluating the offer alongside other options, India remains cautious due to concerns about production delays, technology reliability, and geopolitical implications.

 

India’s Need for Fifth-generation Fighter Aircraft. India’s need for fifth-generation fighter aircraft (FGFA) arises from its evolving security environment, technological aspirations, and the need to modernise its ageing fleet. India faces potential simultaneous conflicts with China and Pakistan. China’s J-20 stealth fighter and Pakistan’s growing air power (with possible Chinese or Turkish support) have created a pressing need for India to counterbalance these developments with comparable technology.​ Many Indian Air Force fighter aircraft, including Jaguar, Mirage 2000s and Mig-29s, will be nearing the end of their operational life, prompting the need for replacements with superior capabilities.​ India’s Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) project aims to develop an Indigenous fifth-generation fighter, promoting self-reliance in defence technology. However, this is a long-term project, and interim solutions may be required. Given these factors, India would need to induct the latest technology fighter aircraft. The decision will depend on balancing immediate operational needs with long-term strategic and technological goals.

 

 

Key Features and Capabilities. The Su-57’s airframe is designed with stealth in mind, incorporating features like composite material with an angular design and internal weapon bays. While these features enhance stealth, other fifth-generation aircraft are reportedly considered superior in radar evasion, raising concerns about the Su-57’s ability to operate undetected in highly contested environments. The Su-57 claims state-of-the-art avionics, including AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) Radar, IRST (Infrared Search and Track), and electronic warfare systems, enhancing its survivability and situational awareness. The Su-57 currently relies on AL-41F1 engines, with a planned transition to Izdeliye 30 engines, promising super cruise ability, increased thrust, and thrust vectoring. Despite these advancements, delays in the Izdeliye 30 engine raise questions about the Su-57’s operational readiness, a significant concern for India if it opts for procurement.

 

India-Russia Defence Cooperation. The defence partnership between India and Russia dates back to the early 1960s, with Russia (then the Soviet Union) emerging as India’s primary arms supplier during the Cold War. India and Russia have maintained robust and long-standing defence cooperation over several decades, driven mainly by strategic interests and mutual goals in regional and global security. Russia has been a significant supplier of military aircraft to India, with notable contributions including the MiG-21, MiG-29, and Su-30MKI fighter jets. India and Russia have a history of collaboration on joint military projects.

 

FGFA Program: Joint Fifth-Generation Fighter Development. In 2007, India and Russia embarked on the Fifth-Generation Fighter Aircraft (FGFA) project, aiming to co-develop a customised version of the Su-57 (then known as the PAK FA). India’s contribution included financial support and the integration of indigenous avionics and systems. However, by 2018, India withdrew from the FGFA program due to issues related to technology transfer and software access, performance, delays and cost overruns, and disagreement over production and financial terms. These factors combined made the FGFA program untenable for India, prompting its decision to withdraw and seek other alternatives, including developing indigenous solutions and considering other foreign aircraft.

 

 

Effect on the AMCA Development. India’s procurement of the Su-57 fighter aircraft could positively and negatively affect the development of its Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) program. If India procures the Su-57, it could gain valuable insights into the design and technology of a fifth-generation fighter aircraft, including stealth capabilities, advanced avionics, and engine performance. This could accelerate the learning curve for Indian engineers and help improve AMCA’s design.​ On the other hand, procuring Su-57s could divert attention and resources from the AMCA project, as both programs require significant investment and focus. This could delay AMCA’s development as funding and manpower may be reallocated. While the Su-57 might provide a short-term solution, procuring it would reinforce India’s dependency on foreign technology, which contradicts the AMCA’s goal of achieving greater self-reliance in defence technology. It might also delay the domestic innovation necessary to produce the AMCA independently.

                                 

Strategic Autonomy. While the Su-57 procurement could strengthen defence ties with Russia, the conditions imposed in the deal might impact India’s strategic autonomy. These conditions may restrict customising the aircraft according to its specific needs. Moreover, India would remain dependent on Russia for software updates, maintenance, and future upgrades, potentially limiting its strategic flexibility. This could hinder India’s desire for greater control over its air assets, a key reason for pursuing the AMCA program in the first place. ​The decision will depend on balancing the desire for immediate operational capabilities with long-term strategic goals of self-reliance and technological independence.

 

Geopolitical Considerations. Acquiring the Su-57 would reinforce India’s defence partnership with Russia, counterbalancing its growing ties with Western defence suppliers like France (Dassault Rafale) and the U.S. (Lockheed Martin and Boeing). This move could also foster deeper technological collaboration between the two nations. India’s procurement of Russian defence equipment also risks triggering sanctions under the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA).

 

Challenges and Concerns. The Su-57 is a high-cost platform with significant acquisition and lifecycle expenses. Cost and affordability will be essential factors in the decision-making process. The claimed performance characteristics would have to be evaluated and compared to other existing platforms, especially with the adversaries. India’s insistence on full technology transfer is critical in defence acquisitions. Russia’s willingness to share key technologies will significantly influence India’s decision-making process, especially given India’s focus on enhancing its domestic defence industry through initiatives like “Make in India.”

 

India’s potential acquisition of the Su-57 is a complex issue with far-reaching implications. It involves technical assessments, strategic considerations, and geopolitical implications. While the Su-57 offers significant capabilities that could bolster India’s air force, unresolved concerns about stealth, engine performance, and technology transfer remain critical barriers. Moreover, the geopolitical landscape, particularly the risk of U.S. sanctions, adds a layer of complexity to the decision. Ultimately, India’s choice will reflect its broader defence strategy, balancing immediate security needs with its long-term vision for technological autonomy and regional influence.

 

Your valuable comments are most welcome.

 

Link to the article: 

https://www.eurasiantimes.com/russias-renewed-su-57-pitch-to-india-is/

 

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References and credits

To all the online sites and channels.

References:-

  1. The Diplomat. “Russia Offers India Its Su-57 Stealth Fighter (Again).” The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com. 2024.
  1. India Today. “Russia Offers Su-57 Stealth Fighter to India, But IAF Has Concerns.” India Today, https://www.indiatoday.in. 2024.
  1. Defense News. “Russia’s Su-57 Offers India Another Opportunity to Upgrade its Air Force.” Defense News, https://www.defensenews.com. 2024.
  1. Financial Express. “Russia’s Su-57 Stealth Fighter to India: Here’s Why It May Not Happen Soon.” Financial Express, https://www.financialexpress.com. 2024.
  1. Economic Times. “India’s Fifth-Generation Fighter Plans: Su-57, AMCA, and More.” Economic Times, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com. 2024.
  1. Brookings Institution. India and Russia: Strategic Defence Partners. Washington, D.C., 2023.
  1. Jane’s Defence Weekly. “Su-57 Fighter Capabilities and Export Potential.” London, 2022.
  1. The Diplomat. “Evaluating the Su-57 for India.” Tokyo, 2022.
  1. TASS News Agency. “Russia’s Su-57 Export Plans.” Moscow, 2023.
  1. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). India’s Defence Procurement Trends. Stockholm, 2023.

Disclaimer:

Information and data included in the blog are for educational & non-commercial purposes only and have been carefully adapted, excerpted, or edited from reliable and accurate sources. All copyrighted material belongs to respective owners and is provided only for wider dissemination.

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543: RUSSIAN USE OF THE ORESHNIK MISSILE AND ITS STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS

 

Sputnik News,  a Russian news agency and radio broadcast  service, sought inputs on the Analakshya Project.

 

Article on the subject:-

 

RUSSIAN USE OF THE ORESHNIK MISSILE AND ITS STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS

 

The development and deployment of the Oreshnik missile, a hypersonic, intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) by Russia, marks a significant shift in global military power dynamics. First publicly revealed in November 2024 during a strike on Ukraine, the Oreshnik has been described as a highly advanced missile capable of carrying both conventional and nuclear warheads with hypersonic speeds exceeding Mach 10. The missile’s introduction highlights Russia’s continued push towards leveraging next-generation military technology to assert its influence, challenge adversaries, and fortify its strategic deterrence capabilities​

 

Oreshnik Missile

 

Hypersonic Speed and Manoeuvrability. The Oreshnik missile stands out for its hypersonic velocity, with reports indicating speeds of around 2.5 to 3 kilometers per second (Mach 10). This speed renders it nearly immune to current air defence systems, as interception at such velocities requires cutting-edge detection and response technologies. Hypersonic missiles like Oreshnik can also perform mid-flight manoeuvres, making their trajectory unpredictable and further complicating interception efforts​.

 

Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs). Oreshnik reportedly carries multiple independently targetable warheads (MIRVs), with estimates ranging from three to six warheads per missile. These MIRVs can be programmed to strike different targets simultaneously or overwhelm defence systems through sheer volume. The MIRV capability enhances the missile’s destructive potential, especially in scenarios where multiple high-value targets are prioritized​.

 

Intermediate Range and Versatility. The missile’s range is believed to fall between 3,000 and 5,000 kilometers, making it an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM). This range covers a significant portion of Europe and parts of Asia, but falls short of reaching the United States. However, this strategic range allows Russia to maintain a strong regional deterrence posture, capable of targeting European NATO members and other adversaries within proximity.

​

Operational Deployment and Combat Testing. Russia’s first known operational use of the Oreshnik missile occurred in November 2024, when it was deployed against the Ukrainian city of Dnipro. According to reports, this strike served as a combat test for the missile in a non-nuclear configuration. Russian President Vladimir Putin claimed that the test was successful, with the missile reaching its intended target without interception. The deployment was designed to demonstrate Russia’s capability to strike with precision and lethality, even in high-pressure combat environments. This deployment signals a shift in Russian military doctrine, emphasising the operational use of hypersonic weapons for both deterrence and offensive purposes. By using Oreshnik in combat, Russia showcased its ability to field advanced missile systems under real-world conditions, sending a clear message to both adversaries and allies regarding its military prowess.

 

Strategic Implications

 

Strengthening Regional Deterrence. The Oreshnik missile significantly enhances Russia’s ability to deter regional adversaries. Its intermediate range allows Russia to project power across Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Central Asia, creating a buffer zone of influence where neighbouring countries must consider the risk of hypersonic strikes. This capability provides Russia with a powerful bargaining chip in diplomatic negotiations, particularly in contexts involving NATO expansion, territorial disputes, and geopolitical tensions​.

 

Challenging NATO’s Defence Systems. NATO’s current air defence systems are primarily designed to intercept traditional ballistic and cruise missiles. The deployment of Oreshnik, with its hypersonic speed and manoeuvrability, presents a significant challenge to these systems. NATO countries may be forced to accelerate the development of hypersonic defence systems or pursue alternative deterrent measures, increasing military expenditures and deepening the arms race between Russia and Western powers​.

 

Arms Control Frameworks. The introduction of Oreshnik further undermines the already fragile state of global arms control agreements. In 2019, both Russia and the United States withdrew from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, which previously prohibited the development of missiles with ranges between 500 and 5,500 kilometers. The Oreshnik missile, with its intermediate range and potential nuclear capability, exacerbates concerns over the proliferation of such systems and the absence of regulatory frameworks to mitigate their deployment​.

 

Global Reactions and Countermeasures

 

United States and NATO. In response to the growing hypersonic threat, the United States and NATO have intensified efforts to develop next-generation missile defence systems. Programs focusing on space-based sensors, directed-energy weapons, and hypersonic interceptors are being accelerated to counteract Russia’s advancements. Additionally, NATO may consider deploying more conventional deterrents, such as forward-deployed forces and ballistic missile defence systems in Eastern Europe​.

 

China’s Perspective. China, a close military partner of Russia, may view the Oreshnik missile as an opportunity for technological collaboration. Given its own hypersonic weapon developments, China could seek to integrate lessons from Oreshnik’s deployment into its missile programs. Alternatively, the missile’s success might prompt China to accelerate its efforts to match or surpass Russian capabilities, potentially increasing regional tensions in Asia​.

 

India’s Strategic Calculations. For India, the development of the Oreshnik missile poses both a strategic challenge and an opportunity. India’s focus on developing its own hypersonic weapons, such as the Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle (HSTDV), aligns with the need to counter future threats from China. Furthermore, India may consider enhancing its missile defence systems and investing in early-warning systems capable of detecting hypersonic threats.

 

Broader Implications for Global Stability

 

Escalation of the Hypersonic Arms Race. The successful deployment of Oreshnik signals the start of a new era in missile technology, prompting other nations to accelerate their hypersonic weapons programs. This arms race could destabilize existing power balances, increasing the likelihood of miscalculations and accidental escalations during geopolitical conflicts​.

 

Shift in Military Doctrine. The introduction of hypersonic missiles like Oreshnik is reshaping military doctrines worldwide. Traditional reliance on nuclear deterrence is now supplemented by hypersonic weapons, capable of delivering swift and precise strikes without the political fallout associated with nuclear weapons. This shift is likely to result in the development of new tactical doctrines.

 

Conclusion. The Oreshnik missile represents a bold leap in Russia’s military capabilities, reflecting the country’s commitment to leveraging advanced technologies for strategic dominance. Its deployment in Ukraine served as a clear demonstration of Russia’s readiness to use hypersonic missiles in both conventional and nuclear contexts, reshaping the global security landscape. As nations around the world grapple with the implications of this new weapon, the Oreshnik missile underscores the urgent need for renewed international dialogue on arms control and missile defence. Without such measures, the risk of a hypersonic arms race escalating into broader conflict remains a profound concern for global stability.

 

Inputs:-

(The views expressed are of the Individual, not IAF or GOI).

    • The missile’s ability to carry multiple homing warheads and reach extreme temperatures of 4,000°C presents a significant threat to conventional missile defence systems.
    • India’s military establishment would likely view Russia’s Oreshnik missile with a strategic interest.
    • India may closely study the technology behind Oreshnik’s hypersonic speed, multi-warhead capabilities, and extreme heat resistance.
    • India might assess this development in terms of its missile defence upgrades and hypersonic capabilities development programs.
    • This could drive India to accelerate its hypersonic programs, such as the HSTDV (Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle), and enhance its missile defence systems.
    • This could influence India’s strategic partnerships and technology acquisition efforts, particularly bolstering its Ballistic Missile Defence and hypersonic deterrence programs.
    • India would be careful about directly acquiring the Oreshnik missile due to its commitment to Indigenous defence development under Atmanirbhar Bharat.
    • India may seek technology partnerships with friendly nations to develop home-grown versions of similar advanced missile systems while maintaining strategic independence.

 

Your valuable comments are most welcome.

 

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References and credits

To all the online sites and channels.

References:-

 

  1. BelTA News. (2024). Oreshnik: A Precision Weapon Comparable to Nuclear Strike Capability.

 

  1. Asia Times. (2024). Russian Oreshnik Missile: A Warning to NATO, US, and Ukraine.

 

  1. Komsomolskaya Pravda via BelTA. (2024). Military Expert Commentary on the Oreshnik Missile’s Impact in Ukraine.

 

  1. Global Security Review. (2024). Hypersonic Missiles and Modern Warfare: The Russian Edge.

 

  1. Military Balance Report (2024). International Institute for Strategic Studies.

 

 

Disclaimer:

Information and data included in the blog are for educational & non-commercial purposes only and have been carefully adapted, excerpted, or edited from reliable and accurate sources. All copyrighted material belongs to respective owners and is provided only for wider dissemination.