Tag: Warfare

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555: PREVIEWING AERO INDIA 2025: EXPECTED ATTRACTIONS

 

 

Wrote this article for the Media

 

 

Air shows are events where aviation enthusiasts, industry professionals, and the general public gather to witness aerial displays and learn about the latest developments in aviation technology. These events typically combine trade exhibitions with public air displays. They include Aerobatic performances by military and civilian aircraft, demonstrations of fighter jets, helicopters, and commercial planes, static displays, trade exhibitions, and seminars. These air shows are a platform for launching new aircraft and technologies and promoting international aviation collaboration. Major international air shows include the Paris Air Show, Farnborough International Air Show (UK), Dubai Air Show (UAE), Singapore Air Show, MAKS Air Show (Russia), and Aero India.

 

Aero India, a global event for defence and aerospace stakeholders, is more than just a biennial air show and aerospace exhibition held at the Yelahanka Air Force Station in Bengaluru, India. It is a platform that unites the global aviation community, offering opportunities for collaboration and investment in the Indian defence sector. Organised by the Ministry of Defence, it is one of Asia’s most significant aerospace and defence events, showcasing both civilian and military aviation. The event includes displays by the Indian Air Force (IAF) and international aerobatic teams, static displays for public viewing, business exhibitions, seminars & conferences.

 

Building on the success of past editions, Aero India 2025 is set to be a landmark event. Scheduled from February 10 to 14, 2025, the event has already garnered significant interest, with over 240 exhibitors confirming their participation. The first three days will be dedicated to business visitors, providing a platform for fruitful collaborations, while the final two days will be open to the public, offering a unique opportunity to witness the latest advancements in the aerospace and defence sectors. The anticipation is palpable as the defence strategic community and journalists are already discussing the new attractions expected to be unveiled during the show.

 

Highlights of Aero India 2023

 

Aero India 2023 was held from February 13 to 17. The event’s theme was “The Runway to a Billion Opportunities.” The event showcased India’s growing defence manufacturing capabilities and promoted the “Make in India, Make for the World” initiative. Over 800 defence companies (exhibitors, businesses, investors, start-ups, and MSMEs) from 80 countries attended, including major global players like Airbus, Boeing, and Lockheed Martin. The event saw a footfall of over seven lakh visitors. The main highlights of the event were:-

 

    • 800+ companies participated (700 Indian and about 110 foreign companies). The major exhibitors included Airbus, Boeing, Dassault Aviation, Lockheed Martin, Israel Aerospace Industry, BrahMos Aerospace, Army Aviation, HC Robotics, SAAB, Safran, Rolls Royce, Larsen & Toubro, Bharat Forge Limited, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL), and BEML Limited.

 

    • Defence Ministers from 32 countries, Air Chiefs from 29 countries, and 73 Chief Executive Officers of global and Indian original equipment manufacturers visited and participated in the event.

 

    • Approximately 250+ MoUs/partnerships worth more than Rs 75,000 Crore were finalised. About Rs 200 crore was pledged at the maiden iDEX Investor Hub (iIH).

 

    • India’s thrust was on self-reliance and Making in India. The intention was to enhance exports, encourage joint ventures and co-production, transfer technology, and project India as a cheaper and better option for a manufacturing hub.

 

    • The event aimed to integrate domestic MSMEs and start-ups in the global supply chain and attract foreign investments, including partnerships for co-development and co-production.

 

    • The event aimed to promote the export of indigenous air platforms like Light Combat Aircraft (LCA)-Tejas, HTT-40 trainer, Dornier Light Utility Helicopter (LUH), Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) and Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH).

 

    • The Russian presence was minimal, probably due to their preoccupation with the Russia–Ukraine war. On the other hand, the USA came with many aircraft, including F-35, F-16/F-21, F-18, and B-I Bombers.

 

 

Aero India 2025: Expected Attractions.

 

The air show will feature the latest advancements in civil, military, and space aviation, offering domestic and international companies a platform to showcase their innovations. Highlights include spectacular aerobatic performances, cutting-edge defence technologies, and industry presentations. Exhibition pavilions will highlight India’s growing role in defence innovation. The event will offer ample networking opportunities and business development platforms for stakeholders across the aerospace and defence sectors.

 

Self-Reliance and Aero India. Aero India showcases cutting-edge technologies and is a testament to India’s growing self-reliance in the defence sector. The event is crucial in advancing the Indian government’s ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ (Self-Reliant India) initiative, which aims to reduce import dependence and boost indigenous defence manufacturing. By highlighting India’s growing strength in defence manufacturing, Aero India instils a sense of pride and support for increasing self-reliance.

 

Showcasing Indigenous Technologies. Indian defence manufacturers (DPSUs and private sector) will actively participate in showcasing home-grown technologies. This is critical in demonstrating India’s growing capabilities in designing and manufacturing advanced defence equipment.

 

Collaborations and Partnerships. Aero India is a national event and a global platform for defence collaborations. It’s where Indian companies form joint ventures with international defence giants, fostering a sense of global community. Aero India facilitates international partnerships, supporting India’s goal of producing more defence equipment locally. Joint ventures with global giants like Lockheed Martin, Boeing, and Dassault Aviation help set up manufacturing facilities in India, aligning with the Make in India initiative. This reduces India’s reliance on imports and promotes local aircraft, parts, and avionics​production, strengthening our global standing in the aerospace and defence sectors.

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Innovation and Research. Aero India would also highlight India’s investment in indigenous research and development (R&D). The event would underscore India’s technological advancements in defence that support national self-reliance, from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to advanced radar systems and missile technology.​ Indian firms’ increasing focus on designing and producing critical defence technologies locally will be showcased.

 

Export Opportunities. India proposes to export defence technologies, supporting self-reliance and strengthening its presence in the global defence market. Aero India will highlight the export potential of Indian-made defence products, like the Tejas fighter and advanced helicopters.

 

Foreign Aviation Companies Participation in Aero India. Aero India 2025 is expected to feature extensive participation from foreign aviation companies, continuing the strong international presence seen in previous editions. Major global defence manufacturers like Boeing, Dassault Aviation, Lockheed Martin, and Airbus are anticipated to return, showcasing advanced fighter jets such as the F-16, F-18, and Rafale. These companies are vying for multi-billion-dollar defence contracts with the Indian government, making Aero India a crucial negotiation platform. Additionally, foreign delegations from countries including the U.S., France, Israel, Russia, and others across Europe are expected. These firms will exhibit a variety of aerospace technologies, from advanced fighter jets and drones to cutting-edge avionics and defence systems.​

 

Russian Presence in Aero India 2025. The Russian presence in Aero India 2023 was minimal. However, in recent times, Russia has been pursuing the sale of its defence equipment with renewed vigour. Russia is expected to have a strong presence at Aero India 2025. Russia would aim to reinforce its commitment to Indo-Russian defence ties and potentially spark interest in future collaborations or technology transfers involving advanced aerospace systems.​ Additionally, there is speculation that Russia might showcase its Su-57E fifth-generation stealth fighter jet.

 

Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). During Aero India 2025, the DRDO is expected to showcase its latest advancements in defence technology. DRDO may present its latest advancements in UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), missile systems such as Akash-NG and Astra, and cutting-edge technologies supporting India’s hypersonic and space-defence initiatives. The exhibition would also focus on future-ready technologies such as hypersonic weapons, stealth technologies, and artificial intelligence-based defence systems. DRDO’s collaboration with the private sector to boost defence exports will also be a key theme​.

 

Indian Defence PSU Participation in Aero India. Aero India 2025 will witness strong participation from India’s Defence Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs), including Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL), and others. These PSUs will showcase their latest advancements in Indigenous aerospace and defence technologies, supporting the government’s “Atmanirbhar Bharat” initiative. HAL, in particular, will focus on promoting export opportunities for the Tejas Light Combat Aircraft and helicopter platforms. Expect advanced radar systems, electronic warfare equipment, and communication technologies from BEL. It might also highlight AI-driven defence solutions and smart battlefield management systems. BDL will likely feature missile systems, including indigenous surface-to-air and anti-tank guided missiles. Given the increasing focus on multi-domain operations, companies like Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders and Garden Reach Shipbuilders may promote naval platforms.

 

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is the key PSU in promoting Made in India products, such as the Tejas Light Combat Aircraft and Light Utility Helicopter (LUH). These platforms not only demonstrate Indian engineering and technological prowess but also enhance defence capabilities by reducing reliance on foreign suppliers.​ HAL is expected to showcase a wide range of aerospace innovations, and it generally showcases and announces its new projects and updates the progress of the previous ones. An update on the progress of India’s indigenous fighter aircraft projects, i.e. Tejas Mk II and fifth generation AMCA, by HAL and Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) would be expected. Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Dhruv, LCH (Light Combat Helicopter) Prachand, and the HTT-40 trainer aircraft will likely feature prominently. HAL’s progress on its CATS Program and the indigenous fighter aircraft engine project (by GTRE), will also be eagerly awaited.

 

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). There would be a significant focus on drones, swarms and autonomous systems. These will likely include military and civilian UAVs, with applications ranging from defence reconnaissance to logistics and disaster management. Considering the increased role of drones in air warfare, drone display and air display of armed drones may also be included.

 

iDEX in Aero India 2025. During Aero India 2025, the Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) initiative is expected to have a significant presence, building on its success from previous editions. iDEX serves as a platform to connect startups and innovators with the Indian defence ecosystem, aiming to foster innovation in defence technology. In 2023, the iDEX pavilion showcased numerous startups and facilitated the maiden iDEX Investor Hub, where over ₹200 crores were pledged to support defence-related innovations. For 2025, iDEX will likely continue promoting startups through its exclusive pavilion, hosting innovation challenges, and encouraging partnerships between defence firms and new ventures. This will include networking opportunities, demonstrations of new technologies, and potentially another round of the iDEX Investor Hub to attract funding.

 

Air Display. Air Display during Aero India. Aero India 2025 will feature thrilling aerial displays by Indian and international aerobatic teams and military aircraft. Performances from the Indian Air Force (IAF) would likely include Sukhoi Su-30MKI and Rafale jets demonstrating combat manoeuvres, Tejas Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) showcasing its agility and advanced capabilities, and Helicopter displays by the Light Utility Helicopter (LUH). Air Display would have the Surya Kiran Aerobatic Team flying Hawk Mk132 aircraft, providing breath-taking formations, and the Sarang team performing aerobatic manoeuvres with HAL Dhruv helicopters. Aircraft from global manufacturers like the F-16, Rafale, and Eurofighter Typhoons may also be seen in the Indian skies.

 

The countdown to Aero India 2025 has begun. With a diverse array of attractions, including live aerobatic displays, the unveiling of new projects, and innovations from the iDEX Pavilion, the event will highlight India’s growing prominence in the global defence sector. It promises to foster collaboration between international and domestic stakeholders, providing opportunities for business growth, knowledge exchange, and technological advancement. Aero India 2025 is poised to celebrate innovation and strengthen India’s position as a key player in the global aerospace industry.

 

Your valuable comments are most welcome.

 

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References and credits

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Disclaimer:

Information and data included in the blog are for educational & non-commercial purposes only and have been carefully adapted, excerpted, or edited from reliable and accurate sources. All copyrighted material belongs to respective owners and is provided only for wider dissemination.

 

 

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554: INPUTS ON THE QUERY ABOUT THE SU-57 AIRCRAFT

 

Pic Courtesy Net

 

Inputs were sought by journalists about features and exportability of Russian SU-57 Aircraft.

 

 

The Director General of UAC in Russia has reportedly said that sixth-generation elements have been introduced to the SU-57 aircraft since it was designed, keeping a 50-year modernisation perspective in mind. He did not elaborate on the said features.

 

The statement by the Director General of the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) regarding the Su-57 hints at its design philosophy and long-term adaptability rather than revealing specific technologies.

 

By “sixth-generation elements,” it suggests that the Su-57 incorporates features envisioned for future air combat scenarios, ensuring its relevance for decades.

 

However, the “sixth-generation” features are difficult to verify and may partly reflect aspirations or prototypes rather than currently functional systems.

 

Q1. What kind of sixth-gen features have been incorporated into the Su-57, if at all?

 

If the Su-57 has indeed incorporated elements of sixth-generation fighter technology, they are likely in the form of modular capabilities or groundwork for future upgrades.  Though he did not elaborate, possible sixth-generation elements in the Su-57 may include:

 

Multispectral Stealth: The Su-57 already features a blended body design and radar-absorbing materials. Sixth-gen adaptations might include measures to reduce detectability across broader electromagnetic spectrums, including infrared, UV, and visual bands.

 

Dynamic Camouflage: Future upgrades could involve coatings or materials that adapt to environmental conditions, making it harder to detect visually or thermally.

 

Pilot-AI Collaboration: Sixth-gen platforms emphasise reducing pilot workload. The Su-57 may incorporate rudimentary AI for threat detection, weapons selection, or autonomous operations in contested environments.

 

Predictive Maintenance: AI-driven diagnostics might monitor the aircraft’s systems in real-time, ensuring mission readiness and reducing downtime.

 

Combat Networking: The Su-57 is believed to integrate advanced data-sharing technologies, potentially acting as a command node for drones or other aircraft. This aligns with the sixth-gen principles of networked warfare.

 

Loyal Wingman Integration: It may already support collaboration with drones such as the S-70 Okhotnik-B, which Russia is developing to complement manned platforms.

 

Hypersonic Missile Integration: Russia has been vocal about developing hypersonic weapons like the Kinzhal. The Su-57 is likely compatible with these systems, preparing it for a future where such weapons dominate air combat.

 

Energy-Based Systems: Although unlikely operational now, the Su-57’s design might accommodate directed energy systems (e.g., lasers or high-powered microwaves) as these technologies mature.

 

Active Electronic Stealth: The Su-57’s avionics may already feature advanced EW systems capable of disrupting enemy sensors and communications while remaining undetected.

 

Cyber Security Resilience: With sixth-gen platforms emphasising electronic and cyber resilience, the Su-57 might include hardened systems to prevent hacking or electronic sabotage.

 

Super Manoeuvrability: The Su-57’s thrust-vectoring engines and aerodynamic design ensure agility, a characteristic often mentioned for sixth-gen fighters.

 

Sustained Operations: Durable materials and modular designs likely allow for easier long-term upgrades, ensuring the aircraft remains cost-effective and mission-capable over its extended lifespan.

 

Integrated Sensor Suite: The Su-57 might combine radar, infrared search-and-track (IRST), and electronic intelligence (ELINT) sensors into a cohesive system, giving the pilot a comprehensive view of the battle space.

 

Passive Detection: Advanced sensors capable of passively detecting and tracking targets without emitting signals, reducing the risk of counter-detection.

 

While some of these features might be in nascent stages or planned for future upgrades, incorporating such elements reflects Russia’s intent to ensure the Su-57 can remain competitive against emerging threats and sixth-gen platforms globally. However, given financial and technological constraints, the actual operational readiness of these technologies is another question entirely.

 

Q2. Do you think Russia is in a position to export the aircraft yet, with all these upgrades and constant work on it? There have been production woes in the wake of the Ukraine war. So, would it be possible to export the aircraft soon?

 

Exporting the Su-57 soon is likely a challenging proposition for Russia, given several constraints stemming from the aircraft’s development history, ongoing production issues, and geopolitical pressures.

 

Challenges.

 

Low Production Rates: Despite being announced as a next-gen fighter over a decade ago, Russia has struggled to produce the Su-57 in significant numbers. Reports suggest that only a handful of operational units are in service with the Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS). The Ukraine conflict has likely exacerbated supply chain and industrial capacity issues.

 

Dependence on Indigenous Systems: Russia aims to make the Su-57 less reliant on foreign components. However, sanctions have hindered access to advanced electronics and materials, slowing progress.

 

Prioritisation for Domestic Forces: With ongoing military operations and strained resources, domestic needs for the Su-57 will likely take precedence over export orders for the foreseeable future.

 

Economic Strain: The Russia-Ukraine war has diverted significant resources toward immediate battlefield needs, including drones, missiles, and lower-cost aircraft like the Su-34 and Su-25. This leaves less room for high-cost, complex platforms like the Su-57.

 

Sanctions and Tech Restrictions: Western sanctions have further isolated Russia’s defence industry, limiting its ability to procure high-performance components necessary for aircraft production.

 

Reputational Issues: The perceived underperformance of Russian equipment in Ukraine may deter potential buyers, especially those looking for proven, reliable systems.

 

Development Delays: Many advanced features touted for the Su-57, such as its next-generation Izdeliye 30 engines, still need to be fully operational. Exporting a version with incomplete features may harm its marketability.

 

Cost and Competition.  The Su-57’s price tag and unproven track record make it a tough sell against established fifth-gen fighters like the U.S. F-35.

 

While Russia is keen to market the Su-57 internationally, its current focus on stabilising production and addressing domestic needs makes exporting the aircraft unlikely. Unless production rates increase and the Su-57 proves its capabilities more convincingly, Russia’s ability to export it remains constrained. Moreover, geopolitical isolation and economic pressures from the Ukraine conflict further complicate these prospects.

 

Your valuable comments are most welcome.

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553: INDIA-RUSSIA LIKELY DEAL ABOUT VORONEZH RADAR SYSTEM

 

Pic Courtesy Net

 

Sputnik News sought inputs on the topic.

 

Recent Media Reports (08 Dec 24)

 

India is set to finalise a landmark USD 4 billion defence agreement with Russia to acquire an advanced long-range early warning radar system.

 

Discussions between Indian defence officials and a Russian delegation led by Almaz-Antey, the radar system manufacturer, have progressed rapidly.

 

Recent high-level talks in New Delhi and Bengaluru have emphasised the importance of involving Indian industry in the project, aligning with the government’s “Make in India” policy.

 

Around 60 per cent of the system’s components are expected to be manufactured domestically, a move that will promote self-reliance while strengthening Indo-Russian defence ties.

 

The radar system (likely a Voronezh-M radar) will likely be installed in Chitradurga in Karnataka, a strategically important location with advanced defence and aerospace facilities.

 

The Voronezh-M is an over-the-horizon (OTH) early warning radar system. Over-the-horizon (OTH) radar functions by using the ionosphere to refract radio waves, allowing detection of targets beyond the line of sight.

 

The site is expected to provide optimal coverage and integrate smoothly into India’s defence infrastructure, enhancing the country’s ability to monitor threats in real time.

 

According to claims, over 50 Indian partners, including startups, will manufacture at least 60 per cent of the system. The project is expected to generate substantial employment across the country.

 

The project is being handled by LRDE (Electronics and Radar Development Establishment), a part of India’s DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation).

 

Voronezh Radar System.

 

The Voronezh radar system is a series of advanced, long-range radar systems developed by Russia as part of its early warning network to detect ballistic missile launches and track objects in space. It is a key component of Russia’s missile attack warning system. The system is known for its high operational efficiency, modular construction, and relatively rapid deployment compared to earlier generations. The Voronezh radar system can detect and track ballistic missile launches and stealth aircraft and provide situational awareness of space objects.

 

Types of Voronezh Radars. The Voronezh radars come in several variants, including Voronezh-M, Voronezh-DM, and Voronezh-CM, each tailored for specific detection roles or improved performance.

 

    • Voronezh-M (VHF band). It is optimised for detecting objects at long ranges but with lower resolution. The radar is optimised to provide initial warning of medium and long-range ballistic missiles.
    • Voronezh-DM (UHF band). It offers better resolution and tracking accuracy for smaller targets.
    • Voronezh-SM (L-band). It has enhanced precision tracking and clutter rejection capabilities.
    • Voronezh-VP. The “VP” version combines both VHF and UHF for enhanced capabilities.

 

Data Fusion. The different Voronezh radars can work in unison as part of an integrated Missile Attack Early Warning System to generate a comprehensive radar picture of potential missile threats and space activity. Each Voronezh radar operates independently, monitoring its assigned sector. The data collected—such as target trajectories, speeds, and classifications—are transmitted to a central processing hub. The central system fuses this information with data from other radars, satellites, and sensors to create a unified, real-time radar picture of the monitored region.

 

Modular Design. The radar’s modular construction allows for faster assembly and deployment. It is reportedly cost-effective, reducing construction and operational costs.

 

Range and Coverage. The Voronezh radars can reportedly detect targets at distances of up to 6,000 kilometers. They can monitor objects at high altitudes, making them suitable for tracking ballistic missiles and satellites.

 

Several Voronezh radars are operational across Russia, forming a network to ensure coverage against potential missile threats. These radars are integrated into Russia’s broader missile early warning and air defence systems, alongside satellites and other ground-based radars. Their primary role is to provide warning of ballistic missile launches, contributing to strategic defence and deterrence.

 

Why is the Voronezh radar system essential for India, and what benefits will India gain from acquiring it?

 

Given its role in missile detection, early warning, and space surveillance, the Voronezh radar system could be strategically significant for India. If India were to acquire the Voronezh radar system from Russia, it would gain several strategic, operational, and geopolitical benefits. These advantages align with India’s defence modernisation and security requirements.

 

Enhanced Early Warning Capability. The Voronezh radar’s ability to detect objects up to 6,000 km would significantly enhance India’s early-warning capabilities for incoming ballistic missiles, aircraft, or space-based threats. With increasing regional missile threats from adversaries like Pakistan and China, an advanced early warning system is crucial for maintaining strategic stability.

 

Augmenting India’s Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program. India has been developing its indigenous BMD systems, including the Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) and Advanced Air Defence (AAD) interceptors. A radar system like Voronezh could integrate seamlessly into India’s layered defence architecture, improving tracking precision and target acquisition.

 

Multi-Mission Utility. The Voronezh system is versatile and can monitor ballistic missiles, aircraft, and space-based objects. This multi-role capability aligns with India’s need for cost-effective, comprehensive defence solutions.

 

Dual-Use Capability. The radar’s ability to monitor terrestrial and space-based threats fits well with India’s civil and military objectives, including its burgeoning space program under ISRO.

 

Space Surveillance. The Voronezh radar can track space objects and debris, enhancing India’s situational awareness in outer space. This is particularly relevant as India expands its space program and navigates other nations’ potential militarisation of space.

 

Enhanced Decision-Making. Early detection improves command-and-control structures, allowing policymakers to make informed decisions during a crisis.

 

Technology Advancement. Access to high-end Russian technology would complement India’s indigenous radar development and foster domestic R&D through technology transfer agreements.

 

Strategic Deterrence. Possessing a system like the Voronezh radar enhances a country’s deterrence posture. Adversaries are less likely to initiate missile strikes if they know such strikes will be detected early and countered effectively.

 

Monitoring China. With its long-range, Voronezh radars would enable India to closely watch Chinese missile and air activities, including those in the Tibet and Xinjiang regions.

 

Regional Geopolitical Competition. In South Asia, India faces growing security challenges, including the potential deployment of advanced missile systems by neighbouring countries. An advanced radar like Voronezh would enable India to maintain technological parity and address evolving threats.

 

Potential Challenges

 

Integration Issues. Adapting Russian systems to work seamlessly with India’s existing platforms and protocols may require significant effort.

 

Technology Transfer. Given its strategic importance, Russia might be reluctant to share the complete technology, necessitating joint development or customisation agreements.

 

Cost. Advanced systems like Voronezh come with substantial acquisition and maintenance expenses.

 

Potential Diplomatic Issues. Such a deal might affect India’s relationships with the U.S. and other Western allies due to the sensitive nature of military technologies.

 

Acquiring the Voronezh radar system would represent a strategic leap for India’s defence infrastructure, reinforcing its position as a significant regional power and improving its preparedness against modern threats.

 

Conclusion. India desperately needed a ballistic missile launch early warning and counter stealth capability. Given the strategic importance of early-warning and tracking systems in modern warfare, a system like Voronezh could be a game-changer for India’s defence strategy. The deal will strengthen India’s security and bolster the nation’s defence manufacturing sector, creating new opportunities for economic growth and industrial development. The acquisition will position India alongside a select group of countries capable of monitoring missile launches and aerial activities over vast distances.

 

Your valuable comments are most welcome.

 

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Disclaimer:

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