Tag: security

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605: THE DIGITAL SILK ROAD: IMPLICATION OF CHINA’S TECHNO-POLITICAL STRATEGY

 

My article was published on the Life of Soldier website on 20 Feb 25 and in the Mar 25 issue of the e-magazine.

 

The Digital Silk Road (DSR) is a crucial component of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), focusing on expanding digital connectivity, infrastructure, and technological cooperation across the globe. Launched in 2015, the DSR aims to establish China as a global leader in digital innovation, telecommunications, artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and e-commerce. China is reshaping global digital landscapes by investing in undersea cables, data centers, 5G networks, and satellite systems, particularly in developing nations.

 

While the DSR offers economic opportunities, it raises significant concerns about cyber security, digital sovereignty, geopolitical leverage, and the global balance of power. This article explores the implications of China’s techno-political strategy through the Digital Silk Road, highlighting its impact on international relations, digital governance, and technological standards.

 

Objectives and Scope of China’s Digital Silk Road

 

China’s Digital Silk Road (DSR) is an extension of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to build a global digital infrastructure and strengthen China’s role as a technological and cyber power. The DSR focuses on expanding global digital infrastructure, enhancing technological dominance, promoting a state-centric internet governance model, fostering economic and financial integration, and leveraging cyber security for geopolitical influence. These objectives position China as a leader in the digital economy while shaping the global technology landscape.

 

Expanding Global Digital Infrastructure. One of the primary objectives of the DSR is to build and broaden digital infrastructure across Asia, Africa, Latin America, and parts of Europe. China invests heavily in 5G networks, fibre-optic cables, satellite communication, cloud computing, and data centers in partner countries. Companies like Huawei, ZTE, and China Mobile are key in setting up next-generation telecommunications networks. By providing affordable digital solutions, China enhances digital connectivity in developing economies while ensuring long-term dependence on its technology.

 

Enhancing Technological Dominance. China’s DSR is a strategic initiative to establish global leadership in emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, blockchain, and smart cities. Through investments in research and development, China aims to surpass Western competitors in critical technological domains. The DSR facilitates technology transfer to BRI nations, strengthening China’s influence in digital economies worldwide. By setting standards for 5G, digital currencies, and AI governance, China aspires to shape the future technological order in its favour.

 

Promoting a State-Centric Internet Governance Model. A significant aspect of the DSR is to promote China’s vision of cyber sovereignty, where individual nations exert greater control over their internet spaces. Unlike the Western model of an open and decentralised internet, China’s approach advocates for government-regulated digital spaces. By exporting its Great Firewall-inspired surveillance technology, China helps partner countries implement censorship, content control, and cyber monitoring. This model appeals to authoritarian and semi-authoritarian regimes seeking to maintain strict control over digital platforms.

 

Economic and Financial Integration. The DSR aligns with China’s broader goal of deepening economic integration with partner countries. This initiative’s key components are digital payment systems, e-commerce platforms, and fintech solutions. Platforms like WeChat Pay and Alipay are expanding their global reach, offering alternative financial ecosystems independent of Western-controlled networks like Visa and Mastercard. Additionally, China is promoting the digital yuan (e-CNY) as a potential global currency, challenging the dominance of the US dollar in international trade and finance.

 

Cyber security and Geopolitical Leverage. China’s control over global digital infrastructure provides it with significant cyber security and geopolitical leverage. Deploying 5G networks and undersea cables raises concerns about potential espionage and data security risks. Many Western nations have raised alarms about the influence China could exert through its digital infrastructure, particularly in strategic sectors. By establishing cyber security partnerships with DSR nations, China strengthens its digital defence capabilities while expanding its cyber footprint globally.

 

Geopolitical Dimensions.

 

Strengthening China’s Global Influence. The DSR allows China to position itself as a leader in digital infrastructure and emerging technologies. China cultivates long-term dependencies among participating nations by providing affordable, high-quality digital solutions.

 

Challenging Western Technological Hegemony. Western nations, led by the U.S. and the European Union, dominate global technology standards and infrastructure. The DSR challenges this dominance by offering alternative systems for 5G networks, cloud computing, and AI governance. Chinese companies like Huawei, ZTE, and Alibaba Cloud are expanding their presence, often undercutting Western competition in price and accessibility.

 

Digital Authoritarianism and Cyber Sovereignty. China’s model of digital governance favours state control over the Internet. Through DSR partnerships, China exports its Great Firewall approach, influencing governments to adopt stricter cyber regulations, internet censorship, and surveillance technologies. Countries with integrated Chinese digital infrastructure are more likely to follow Beijing’s lead in cyber regulations, shifting global norms toward a state-centric internet rather than a decentralised, open model.

 

Strategic Control over Critical Digital Infrastructure. Control over global digital infrastructure grants China significant geopolitical leverage. Fibre-optic cables, satellite navigation systems (BeiDou), and cloud computing networks enable China to influence data flows, monitor foreign governments, and potentially disrupt communication channels in conflict.

 

Economic and Technological Implications

 

Digital Yuan and Financial Influence. China’s introduction of the Digital Yuan (e-CNY) under the DSR strategy represents a direct challenge to the U.S. dollar’s dominance in international trade. By promoting digital currency adoption in Belt and Road Initiative nations, China reduces reliance on SWIFT transactions, mitigating the impact of Western financial sanctions.

 

E-Commerce and Digital Payments Expansion. Alibaba, Tencent, and other Chinese tech giants are expanding e-commerce and fintech ecosystems across Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. This expansion integrates developing economies into China’s digital sphere, creating economic dependencies favouring Beijing’s trade policies.

 

AI, Big Data, and Surveillance Technologies. China’s leadership in artificial intelligence and big data analytics has implications for both governance and security. Many countries that embrace Chinese-built smart cities, AI-driven surveillance, and facial recognition systems risk becoming more aligned with China’s authoritarian digital model.

 

5G and Telecommunications Control. Huawei and ZTE dominate global 5G infrastructure projects, particularly in developing nations. The reliance on Chinese telecom networks raises concerns over data privacy, potential backdoor access, and espionage risks. This leads to Western pushback and bans on Huawei equipment in the U.S., UK, and Australia.

 

Cyber Security Threats and Espionage Concerns

 

China’s involvement in building and managing digital infrastructure raises fears of hidden backdoors, allowing for cyber espionage and data exfiltration. Many Chinese technology firms, such as Huawei and ZTE, have been accused of having close ties with the Chinese government, which could potentially use these networks for intelligence gathering. Nations relying on Chinese-built digital infrastructure risk compromising their communications, governmental data, and critical security operations.

 

Espionage and Data Harvesting. One of the DSR’s primary concerns is the large-scale data collection from participating countries. Chinese firms involved in cloud computing, smart city technologies, and undersea cables could gain access to vast amounts of sensitive information, including personal data, financial transactions, and military communications. This data could be exploited for economic advantage, intelligence gathering, or coercion, enhancing China’s strategic leverage over nations.

 

Cyber Attacks and Infrastructure Disruption. Nations’ dependence on Chinese-built digital infrastructure increases their vulnerability to cyber-attacks. There is a risk that in times of geopolitical tensions, Beijing could leverage access to these systems to disrupt critical services such as power grids, financial networks, and telecommunications. Concerns persist regarding Chinese-manufactured hardware containing software vulnerabilities that could be exploited for state-sponsored cyber operations.

 

AI and Disinformation Campaigns. China’s advancements in AI and big data analytics enable sophisticated disinformation campaigns. By influencing narratives through social media manipulation, AI-generated content, and state-backed media, China could shape public opinion and political outcomes in target countries. Such interference could destabilise democratic institutions, promote pro-China sentiment, and undermine opposition to Beijing’s global ambitions.

 

Digital Sovereignty and Dependency Risks. Many developing nations, enticed by China’s affordable technology and financial assistance, risk becoming overly reliant on Beijing for digital infrastructure. This dependency undermines their digital sovereignty, limiting their ability to control data, cyber security policies, and technological standards. Once deeply integrated into China’s digital ecosystem, countries may struggle to transition to alternative suppliers without significant economic and operational disruptions.

 

Global Responses and Countermeasures

 

In response to the security risks posed by China’s Digital Silk Route (DSR), many nations and alliances have implemented countermeasures to safeguard their digital infrastructure and reduce reliance on Chinese technology. The United States, European Union, and key Indo-Pacific allies have tightened regulations on Chinese firms like Huawei and ZTE, citing concerns over espionage and cyber security threats. The U.S. has led initiatives such as the Clean Network Program, restricting the use of Chinese telecommunications equipment in critical infrastructure. Similarly, the EU’s 5G Toolbox provides guidelines to mitigate high-risk vendors’ influence on European digital networks. Additionally, alternative global initiatives such as the Blue Dot Network and the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII), spearheaded by the G7, aim to provide transparent and secure alternatives to Chinese digital infrastructure projects. Nations also invest in cyber security frameworks, supply chain diversification, and AI-driven disinformation countermeasures to reduce Beijing’s digital influence. While China’s DSR continues to expand, international efforts are increasingly focused on promoting secure, resilient, and independent digital ecosystems to counter the strategic risks associated with Chinese technological dominance.

 

India’s Strategic Response. India has adopted a multi-faceted approach to counter China’s Digital Silk Route (DSR) by enhancing cyber security, restricting Chinese tech investments, and promoting domestic digital initiatives. New Delhi has banned numerous Chinese apps over data security concerns and imposed stricter scrutiny on Chinese telecom firms like Huawei and ZTE in its 5G rollout. India is also expanding its digital partnerships with the U.S., Japan, and the EU to develop secure alternatives. Initiatives like Digital India and Made in India aim to boost indigenous tech capabilities, reducing dependence on Chinese infrastructure while strengthening national cybersecurity and data sovereignty.

 

Emerging Digital Alliances

 

In response to China’s Digital Silk Route (DSR), global powers are forming strategic digital alliances to promote secure and transparent alternatives. The Quad (U.S., India, Japan, Australia) is enhancing collaboration on 5G, AI, and cyber security. The EU-U.S. Trade and Technology Council (TTC) focuses on setting global tech standards. The Blue Dot Network and Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII), led by G7 nations, offer financing for secure digital infrastructure in developing countries. These alliances aim to counter China’s technological dominance by fostering worldwide resilient, open, and trustworthy digital ecosystems.

 

Conclusion

 

The Digital Silk Road is more than just an economic initiative. It is a strategic instrument of techno-political influence that enhances China’s global standing. While it offers significant opportunities for digital development, it raises concerns about cyber security, digital authoritarianism, and geopolitical dependence. As nations seek to balance economic engagement with China against strategic vulnerabilities, the future of the DSR will shape the global digital order, cyber security norms, and geopolitical alignments in the coming decades. The world is at a crossroads where the battle for digital supremacy will define 21st-century geopolitics.

 

Please Do Comment.

 

Link to the article on the website:-

The Digital Silk Road: Implication Of China’s Techno-Political Strategy

 

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References and credits

To all the online sites and channels.

Pic Courtesy Internet.

References:-

  1. Eurasia Group. “The Geopolitical Consequences of the Digital Silk Road: China’s Emerging Technology Influence.” Strategic Studies Quarterly, vol. 15, no. 3, 2021, pp. 12–34.
  1. Feldstein, Steven. “The Rise of Digital Authoritarianism: China, AI, and Repressive Governance.” Foreign Affairs, vol. 99, no. 3, 2020, pp. 56–72.
  1. Chen, Dingding, and Wang, Xiaojun. “AI, Big Data, and China’s Quest for Global Digital Supremacy.” Asian Security, vol. 16, no. 4, 2022, pp. 431–452.
  1. Segal, Adam. “China’s Vision for Cyber Sovereignty and Implications for Global Internet Governance.” International Security, vol. 45, no. 2, 2021, pp. 65–91.
  1. Creemers, Rogier. “China’s Cyber Governance Model: Between Control and Connectivity.” Journal of Cyber Policy, vol. 3, no. 1, 2018, pp. 40–57.
  1. Brookings Institution. Beijing’s Digital Strategy: The Global Expansion of the Digital Silk Road. Brookings, 2022.
  1. Mozur, Paul. “How China is Exporting Digital Authoritarianism.” The New York Times, October 15, 2022.
  1. McLaughlin, Timothy. “The Digital Silk Road and the New Internet Order.” The Atlantic, March 22, 2023.
  1. Strumpf, Dan. “Beijing’s Big Tech Play: The Digital Silk Road and the Fight for Global Networks.” The Wall Street Journal, May 3, 2023.
  1. Denyer, Simon. “China’s Surveillance Tech Goes Global.” The Washington Post, August 27, 2022.
  1. The Economist. “China’s Digital Silk Road: Exporting the Future or a Dystopian Vision?” The Economist, September 12, 2023.
  1. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. China’s Digital Silk Road and Its Implications for U.S. Interests. Washington, D.C., 2023.
  1. Center for a New American Security (CNAS). China’s Tech Expansion and the Global Competition for Digital Supremacy. CNAS Report, 2023.
  1. European Parliament. The EU Response to China’s Digital Silk Road: Strategic Risks and Opportunities. Brussels, 2022.
  1. Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). “How China’s Digital Silk Road is Reshaping Global Technology Governance.” www.cfr.org
  1. Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). “The Digital Silk Road: Expanding Chinese Influence in Global Tech.” www.csis.org
  1. Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS). “China’s Tech Diplomacy and the Digital Silk Road.” www.merics.org
  1. RAND Corporation. “The Digital Silk Road: Security and Economic Implications for the West.” www.rand.org

Disclaimer:

Information and data included in the blog are for educational & non-commercial purposes only and have been carefully adapted, excerpted, or edited from reliable and accurate sources. All copyrighted material belongs to respective owners and is provided only for wider dissemination.

 

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512: PEACE AND SECURITY IN SOUTH ASIA: BANGLADESH AND MYANMAR

 

 

My Article published on IIRF (Indus International Research Foundation) site

 

South Asia is one of the world’s most populous and geopolitically significant regions. A complex web of ethnic, religious, political, and territorial disputes makes maintaining peace and security in the region a big challenge. Bangladesh and Myanmar, two key countries in this region, face specific regional stability challenges. These include ethnic conflicts, refugee crises, political instability, and militant threats. Both nations’ security dynamics also have wider implications for neighbouring countries, especially India, China, and Southeast Asia.

 

Critical Issues

 

Ethnic Conflicts and the Rohingya Crisis. Myanmar’s Rohingya Crisis has been one of the most significant security challenges in recent years. The Rohingya Muslim minority in Myanmar’s Rakhine State has faced decades of persecution, which culminated in a military crackdown in 2017 that was widely condemned as ethnic cleansing. Over 700,000 Rohingya fled to neighbouring Bangladesh, creating one of the largest refugee crises in recent history. Bangladesh provided temporary refuge in the Cox’s Bazar area. The strain on its resources, coupled with fears of radicalisation and the Rohingya population’s vulnerability, raised concerns over the long-term security and stability of the region. The inability to repatriate the Rohingya to Myanmar due to Myanmar’s refusal to guarantee safety, citizenship, or basic rights continues to fuel tensions.

 

Myanmar’s Political Instability and Civil War. Myanmar’s political situation worsened after the military coup in February 2021, which ousted the civilian government led by Aung San Suu Kyi and re-imposed military rule. The coup triggered widespread civil disobedience movements, violent military crackdowns, and growing armed resistance by ethnic militias and the newly formed People’s Defense Forces (PDF). The country is now in the grips of a low-intensity civil war, where several ethnic armed groups (Kachin, Karen, Shan, etc.) have intensified their fight for autonomy. The instability in Myanmar has made it a hotspot for human rights violations, arms smuggling, and cross-border tensions. The situation has created refugee flows into neighbouring countries, particularly Thailand and India, and has raised fears that Myanmar could become a haven for terrorist networks and drug trafficking.

 

Islamic Extremism and Terrorist Threats. Bangladesh has faced sporadic issues with Islamic extremism, with groups like Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB) and other more minor factions trying to radicalise youths. These groups have been responsible for attacks on secularists, bloggers, and foreigners, raising concerns about the growth of extremism in a relatively moderate Muslim-majority country. Although the Bangladeshi government had taken steps to curb militancy, the risk of radicalisation within specific sectors of society, particularly in refugee camps (housing the Rohingya), poses a long-term threat to regional security.

 

Border Management and Illegal Activities. Bangladesh-Myanmar border areas have been hotspots for illegal activities, including arms trafficking, human trafficking, and drug smuggling. The porous borders and the lack of effective governance in these areas complicate efforts to maintain peace and security. The spread of narcotics such as methamphetamines from Myanmar into Bangladesh and other neighbouring countries has become a severe issue, contributing to organised crime and funding insurgent groups.

 

Geopolitical Competition and Influence. South Asia is an arena for geopolitical competition between major powers like China, India, and the United States. All of these powers have interests in maintaining stability in the region but also pursue policies driven by strategic competition. China’s growing influence in Bangladesh and Myanmar complicates regional dynamics. Myanmar’s military regime has long had close ties with China, which provides diplomatic support and economic investments. Meanwhile, Bangladesh has also seen increased Chinese investment, primarily through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). India, which has historical and strategic ties with Bangladesh and shares a long border with both countries, seeks to counterbalance Chinese influence. India supports the return of democracy in Myanmar, but its ability to directly influence the political outcomes in either country remains limited. The United States has also increased its attention on South Asia as part of its Indo-Pacific strategy, which aims to contain China and promote democratic governance. Washington has imposed sanctions on Myanmar’s military leaders post-coup, but it is also seeking to strengthen ties with Bangladesh, particularly in areas of security cooperation and economic development.

 

Enhancing Peace and Security

 

 

Regional Cooperation and Multilateral Engagement. Addressing the interconnected security challenges in Bangladesh and Myanmar requires robust regional cooperation. Organisations like SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) and ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) can play a role in conflict resolution, refugee management, and addressing cross-border threats such as terrorism and trafficking. ASEAN, of which Myanmar is a member, has struggled to mediate the crisis post-coup. However, ASEAN’s efforts to establish dialogue with Myanmar’s military and other stakeholders must be enhanced to prevent the country’s further isolation and encourage a peaceful resolution. Bangladesh can benefit from broader multilateral forums like BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation), which includes Myanmar, to promote economic cooperation and discuss transnational security threats.

 

Resolving the Rohingya Crisis. The Rohingya refugee crisis is central to the peace and security dynamics between Bangladesh and Myanmar. Bangladesh’s diplomatic efforts to resolve the crisis should focus on resolving the issue through the United Nations, ASEAN, and bilateral talks with Myanmar. More significant international pressure on Myanmar is needed to ensure a safe and dignified repatriation process for the Rohingya. However, this will require Myanmar’s willingness to provide citizenship rights and security guarantees.

 

Combating Extremism and Transnational Terrorism. Bangladesh must continue its successful counter-terrorism initiatives, such as intelligence sharing, policing reform, and de-radicalisation programs, to mitigate the threat of extremism. Regional cooperation on counter-terrorism between Bangladesh, Myanmar, India, and other neighbouring states is crucial, especially in curbing cross-border terrorist movements and dismantling terrorist financing networks.

 

Political Stability and Democratic Transitions. Supporting democratic transitions in Myanmar is critical to long-term stability. Diplomatic efforts should bring various ethnic groups and political stakeholders, including the military and opposition groups, to the negotiating table for a political settlement. Bangladesh’s democratic institutions must be supported in maintaining the rule of law, good governance, and political inclusivity, as these are critical factors in preventing the growth of extremism and unrest.

 

Peace and security in Bangladesh and Myanmar remain precarious, influenced by internal political strife, ethnic conflicts, and cross-border security threats. The Rohingya crisis stands as a pivotal issue that affects both countries and needs a coordinated international response. Moreover, Myanmar’s internal conflict following the military coup has destabilised the region, raising fears of spillover effects, including refugee flows, terrorism, and illegal trafficking. Enhanced regional cooperation, international engagement, and sustained humanitarian support are essential in promoting stability in this part of South Asia. Bangladesh’s efforts in combating terrorism and maintaining political stability should be supported, while Myanmar requires a long-term strategy to achieve peace and move towards democratic governance. Without sustained international pressure and multilateral diplomacy, these challenges may continue to undermine the security of the entire region.

 

Suggestions and value additions are most welcome.

 

Link to the article:-

https://indusresearch.in/peace-and-security-in-south-asia-bangladesh-and-myanmar/

 

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References and credits

To all the online sites and channels.

References:

  1. “Khandakar Tahmid Rejwan”, Myanmar’s Civil War: Security Implications for Bangladesh, Stimson, 26 jun 24.

 

  1. Sreeparna Banerjee, “The Rohingya Crisis and its Impact on Bangladesh-Myanmar Relations, Issue Brief, Observer Research Foundation, 10 May 23.

 

  1. Sagarika Dutt, “Peace and Development in South Asia: Problems and Prospects”, Sage Journals. 02 Jan 24.

 

  1. Jubaida Auhana Faruque, “A Civil War in Myanmar, a Regional Threat to South Asia”, BIPSS, Jul 21.

 

  1. Prothom Alo, “Myanmar’s conflict and implications for Bangladesh and the region”, BIPSS Policy Circle, 22 Feb 24.

Disclaimer:

Information and data included in the blog are for educational & non-commercial purposes only and have been carefully adapted, excerpted, or edited from reliable and accurate sources. All copyrighted material belongs to respective owners and is provided only for wider dissemination.

 

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509: Celebrating Fourth BLOGAVERSARY with 500+ Posts

 

Air Marshal’s Perspective

(Candid and to the point – काम की बात)

SELF MANAGED BLOG

 

 

Ranked 14th in the list of Top 25 Indian Defence Blogs and Websites

 

 

 

Hello Readers,

 

It has been four years since the blog “Air Marshal’s Perspective” was launched. The idea of the blog is to share the gained knowledge and new learnings.

 

 

The tagline of the blog “Candid and to the point / काम की बात”, explains the style adopted. In the times of quick fix (Twenty 20 cricket), everyone wants to know the gist of the issue (as one of my gurus used to say “Just tell me the निचोड़”). The written posts cover the topic in bullet form (two to three pages), with a reading time of 5-7 minutes. The lengthier video bytes have a selective viewing option.

 

First and foremost thanks to all the readers who read the blog and provide the necessary encouragement to continue blogging.

 

 

Topics Covered

 

 Leadership, Management, Motivation, and  Growth Mindset
Decision making
Mental toughness
Earning respect
Good  leadership qualities and values
Science of Karma
Good working culture and environment
Listening Skills
Be good, feel good
Healthy working environment
importance of Tolerance
Lessons from Buddha
Difference between strength and courage
Lessons from rich and famous
Leadership lessons from Hollywood movies.
Shark in the tank theory of management
Car wheel theory of management
Aya Ram Gaya Ram syndrome – yes, men.
Calculated Risks
Practical Leadership and Management
Communication skills and body language
Lessons from Nanak
Being Responsible and Tolerant
Growth Mindset
Transferable Skills
Advice to the young generation
Motivational Talks
Importance of self-discipline
Learn from Ganesha
Listen to Krishna
Words of Wisdom
Life in IAF
Convocation Address – lessons from life in IAF
Courage is an essential trait of leadership.
Leadership: A Privilege
Embrace your Journey of Life
Trust and Integrity:  The Cornerstones of Authentic Leadership
Five by Five rule: Assured happiness.
 

China
China’s Brain is differently wired.
China’s strategic thought
China’s military modernisation
China’s Defence industry
China – Pakistan Collusion
China – Art of deception
China: Kill Pigs List
China: Social Score System
China: Active Defence Policy
China’s Joint Strategic Support Force (JSSF)
China – Joint Strategic Support Force.
Dealing with the Dragon
China’s grey zone operations
China: Flavours of military Reform
China: Pillars of Military Reform
China’s new diplomacy – drawing red lines in the sand.
China – demographic analysis.
China through US Prism
China in the South China Sea
China’s Military – Civil Fusion
PLAAF Analysis Strengths and weaknesses
Book review on China Airpower
Dealing with Dragon
Knowing China Better: lie flat and let it rot.
Knowing China, Better social life and customs
Something is not right in Dragon land.
Q&A India China stand-off
China in IOR
What is cooking in the Chinese military cauldron
Dragon at Shigatse
China aircraft carrier development
China’s military reorganisation: a story of evolution and reversion.
 

Geopolitics 
China
Pakistan – National Security Policy, Turmoil
Afghanistan
India’s foreign policy
India’s neighbourhood
Quad
Indo – Russian relations
State of Airpower Assets in Afghanistan
Indo – US relations
Afghanistan: Taliban run over
World in Transition
US-China Shadowboxing over Taiwan
China spoiling Bhutan’s GNH.
Thucydides  Trap, – Dragon challenging Eagle
South China sea
Gini Index and implications.
Multilateralism: Flexible Security Cooperation.
India-Pakistan border issue – tunnels and drones
India-China border talks
China Pak Collusivity
SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organisation: Relevance  and future trajectory
Sri Lanka Economic crisis: lessons and opportunity
Ukraine Conflict
Bangladeshi tango with China
Economic Sanctions
Djibouti: Tug of war between USA and China
The Future of Conflict in the Asian Context
Israel Palestine standoff
India, Pakistan, China Asian triangle
Indo-US Collaboration in Defence
World in Transit
Indo-Russia relations
Indo-Vietnam Cooperation
Many suitors for strategically located Djibouti
Renewed Impetus to Indo-Russia Relations
 

Air Power

 
Airpower in Grey zone operations
Airpower in no war, no peace situation
Air Power & Non-Kinetic Warfare
Air Power in Multi-Domain Warfare
Airpower in HADR ops and aid to civil authorities
Drone Threat: The Big Picture
Fighter aircraft classifications by generations
Emerging Technologies and Air Defence
Air Power in Modern-Day Warfare
S-400 SAM AD System
Combat Aviation most desired – least understood.
Changing nature of warfare
Air Defence operations
Air power strategies: multiple threats and limited resources
Airpower in the maritime domain
Air Power and effect-based operations
Air power concepts: Command / control the air, air supremacy, Air superiority and favourable air situation.
Contemporary airpower thought
How does an aeroplane fly
Air power basics revisited.
Air power and war endurance
Global Wars and lessons for Indian airpower
Classification of fighter jets into generations
Centralised planning decentralised execution
Global Airpower Ranking 2024
Giulio  Douhet: Relevance Today
All About Airpower
Airpower in Indian Context
Airpower Theorists and Their Core Thoughts and Beliefs
Relevance of John Warden’s thoughts on Air Power Application and Air Campaign Planning.
Future trends of fighter aircraft.
Air Campaign Planning
 

Technology

 
Hypersonics and hypersonic weapons
Technology and airpower
Future Trajectory of AI
Artificial intelligence
Future of conflict in new domains (Space, Cyber and deep sea)
Unmanned Platforms and Swarms, Loyal Wingman concept
AI and Fake News
AI: Digital twins and Surrogate models
Military application of quantum technology.
What next after 6th gen aircraft
Technology in the defence forces.
Mission Divyastra MIRV Technology
Technology and the future of aircraft maintenance
Speed Race: Hypersonic weapons
Countering Hypersonic Threat: Difficult but Manageable Problem
 

Security
Collective Security
National Security / Military Strategy
Urgent need for National Security Policy
Collective dealing with non-traditional challenges
 

Cyber Safety and Security

 
Cyber warfare
Digital addiction
Economic Cyber Frauds
Future of conflict in new domains (Space, Cyber and deep sea)
 

Nuclear

 
Nuclear trends, threats and challenges 27 Jun 24
Nuclear aspects revisited
 

Space

 
Space operations
Space warfare and organisation in India
Space-based ISR
Space warfare in the Korean Peninsula
Launch of 50 surveillance satellites by ISRO in 5 years.
Future of conflict in new domains (Space, Cyber and deep sea)
 

Indian Air Force

 
Capability development
Tejas and AMCA project
IAF role in HADR and aid to civil and other agencies
Network-centric operations
PLAAF and IAF comparative analysis
IAF Modernisation
Balakot Operations
Maritime air operations in future
Rafale induction and capability enhancement
S-400 Induction
Fire Power Demo: Ex Vayu Shakti
IAF fighter strength drawdown and mitigation plan
IAF Strategies: past, present and future.
Life in IAF
IAF multi-national exercises
Exercise Bright Star 2023
Strategic evolution of IAF
C-295 ac induction IAF capability enhancement and benefits
Astra AAR BVR Missile
Journey through IAF
Prachand the Himalayan griffin.
Women air warriors in the IAF
IAF challenges and future trajectory.
Discussion on the book by Jasjit Sinh: Defence from the Skies.
 

War and Warfare

 
Types of war
Decoys and deception
Afghanistan Air Assets
Future Wars
Warfare
Grey Zone Warfare
Classification of warfare into generations (Russian Thoughts)
Domains of warfare
C4ISR
Military Balance in the region
Ukraine War: Air Power aspects, a case of dog and bone, Air Superiority aspects, decoding Ukraine war. Lessons.
Operational Logistics
Lesser known facts about 1971the  War
Review of book on 1962 war
Review of the book on the 1965 war
India’s two-front challenge
Douhet theories
Duration of Conflict
Jasjit Singh on Airpower
Galwan standoff
Asymmetric Threat
Accelerating the Paradigm Shift
Multilateralism: Relevance and changes
Aspect – Long-drawn wars
National Security Strategy
HAMAS attack on Israel
Cognitive warfare
India’s readiness for drone warfare
Integrated deterrence
Orchestrating Air Campaigns: Thumb Rules
Russia-Ukraine War: Phase of Engagement with long Range Vectors
Kargil War
 

Military
Military diplomacy
Military spending: trends and analysis.
Collusive Threat and Deterrence: Air and Space Aspects
Integrated Capability Development.
Joint war game training systems
Fighter Pilot: Traits
Agni veer and Agnipath / Tour of duty / making best of the scheme
Andaman and Nicobar Command and Islands
Defining Military Diplomacy
Women in the Indian Defence Services
Joint Operations and Jointmanship
Trends in International Arms Transfer
Global Military Spending – Trends and Analysis (2023)
Women in defence forces: prospects and challenges.
 

Higher Defence Organisation

 
Department of military affairs
Theaterisation
Air defence command
Civil-military fusion
Theatre Command in Indian Context
Reorganisation of HDO in India
 

Flight Safety
Golden rules of safety
Importance of SOPs
A proactive approach to safety
Damage due to Bird Hits and Foreign Objects
Safety and aviation
Good safety Culture
Tool management for safe maintenance
Aircraft Drift – Causes and Concerns
Sathe safety aspects of short landings.
Inculcating safety culture
 

Defence Industry

 
Indigenous defence industry
HAL and DPSUs
Role of the private sector in defence production
Arms Transfer to Afghanistan
Defence Budget issues
Atmanirbharta
Exportability of LCA and Brahmos combined package
IAF and indigenisation
Indian Initiatives to promote self-reliance
Tejas export options
Russia – India Defence contracts past, present and future.
EU’s defence spending
Aero India 2021 & 2023
Arms trade: Trends and Concerns
Arms trade: flow vis-a-vis hot spots
Expanding the footprint of Boeing in India
Decoding US presence at Aero India 2023
Global Military Spending: Trends and Catalysts
 

India
Understanding Manipur Dynamics
Indian foreign policy and defence diplomacy
Meghalaya Dynamics
Transparency, Accountability and Threats to Independent Institutions of Democracy
 

Book Reviews and Endorsements

 
1946: Last War of Independence: Royal Indian Navy Mutiny by Pramod Kapur
1962 Border War: Territorial Dispute and Beyond by Ismail Vergasseri
The Politics of South China Sea Disputes By Nehginpao Kipgen
1965 A Western Sunrise: India’s War With Pakistan By Shiv Kunal Verma
The Game Behind Saffron Terror by Kanwar Khatana
Peer  Review –  “China-The Rising Aerospace Power: Implications for India”
Peer Review –  “MRO as a strategic asset”
Book Endorsement – “Greatest Air Aces of All Time” by Air Marshal Anil Chopra
Book Endorsement – The 1971 Indo-Pak Air War: Reflections and Projections
Peer review of a paper on Global challenges of soft power.
 

Stories

 
My tryst with HT-2 aircraft: The day god flew with me
The day I flew my dad’s car.
Malse Lake: Tale of two-course mates
Flying Tales
Tribute to Air Mshl PK Dey “Remembering Dadu: Self-Made Legend
SHIQURDU: 50 + posts of simplified Deep-meaning thoughts in Hurdu (a mix of Hindi and Urdu)
Remembering Dadu: Self Made Legend

 

Collaborated, Coordinated, Partnered, Assisted, Liaised, Cooperated, and Interacted with:-

 

Distinguished fellow at United Services Institute (USI).

Distinguished Fellow at the Center of Air Power Studies (CAPS).

On the editorial board of the College of Air Warfare Journal.

On the editorial board of CAPS Journal (Blue Yonder).

On the editorial board of News Analytics.

Strategic Advisor – Aerospace and Defence division of the Synergia Foundation.

Advisor – Indus International Research Foundation.

Advisor – Bharat TV Now

Life member: White Canvas Education Council.

Instructed at Peninsula Foundation & CSDR.

Conferred a title by Gems B School: Distinguished Son of India.

Member – Asia Centre Bangalore.

 

Organisation Type of Organisation Type of work
Centre of Air Power Studies (CAPS)

Distinguished Fellow

 Think Tank Talks (China, Leadership, Joint Strategic support force & Maritime air ops), Article on Air Defence & Airpower strategies. Seminar on Ukraine war. Conduct of discussions during WASP prog.
United Services Institute (USI)

Distinguished Fellow

 Think Tank Talks, panellists in Seminars/Webinars, Articles for journals, Strategic exercises at IFS, NDC, CAW and 27 Mtn Div, mentoring, strategic game on capability building. Peer review of paper
Synergia Foundation

Strategic Advisor – Aerospace and Defence division of the Synergia Foundation.

 Think Tank Articles, Talk during Aero India, Talk during Def Expo.

Talk at Bangalore International Centre.
Shyama Prakash Mukherji Research Foundation (SPMRF) Think Tank Suraksha Samvad – Study & Discussion
Delhi Policy Group (DPG) Think Tank Panellist in Seminars / Webinars
Vivekanand International Foundation Think Tank Panellist in Webinars and Podcasts.

Wargame.
CENJOWS Think Tank Panellist in Seminars / Webinars (Integrated Capability Development – Sep 21)
CSDR (The Council for Strategic and Defence Research) Think Tank Talk / Lecture on Air Power & IAF
CKS – Center for Knowledge Sovereignty Think Tank Talk on China – How Does Dragon’s Brain Work

Talk – Strategic evolution of IAF
Manohar Parikar Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis(MPIDSA) Think Tank Participated in Seminars/ webinars
Fair Observer (USA) Think Tank    Panellist in Seminar/ webinar

Making sense of India’s stand on Ukraine
CASA (The Current & Strategic Affairs Forum) Think Tank Participated in Seminars/ webinars
National Maritime Foundation Think Tank Participated in Seminars/ webinars

Indo-pacific strategic dialogue
CLAWS Think Tank Participated in Seminars/ webinars

Article on war Endurance
SAMDES Think Tank Participated in Seminars/ webinars
The Takshashila Institution Think Tank Participated in Seminars/ webinars

Panellist  for discussion on Agniveer scheme
The Peninsula Foundation Think Tank Lecture on Air power and IAF

Participated in Seminars/ webinars
Chennai Center for China Studies Think Tank Panellist in Seminar/ webinar (PLAAF)
Indic Research Forum Think Tank Panellist in Seminar/ webinar (PLAAF)

Keynote address: IAF and Counterterrorism ops

Panelist: Ukraine war.
Chanakya Forum Website Think Tank Articles

Decoding US presence at Aero India 2023.

Ukraine war.

IAF strength drawdown.

Understanding Manipur dynamics

C295 ac induction in IAF

India’s readiness for drone warfare

Chinese Gryfalcon in Pak skies.

Russia entices India with SU-75 aircraft.

Hypersonic Air Defence.

Prachand: the Himalayan griffin.
Chanakya Diaries Journal Article on Genesis of air power theories and their relevance today.
Gyan Chakra (WC of IA) Think Tank Article on IAF Strategies past, present and future.
Strive Dialogue (CC of IA) Think Tank Discussion on IAF multi-national exercises
Observers Research Foundation (ORF) Think Tank Global wars and lessons for Indian airpower
Indus International Research Foundation (IIRF) Think Tank Panellist – Theatre command in the Indian context

Article for the yearbook – combat aviation most essential least understood.

Panellist – Seminar on Indo-US Collaboration

Articles- Air power basics revisited

Fighter ac classification

Article-Renewed Impetus to Indo-Russia Relations

Article – Inculcating Safety Culture

Article – John Warden’s Air Power Thoughts
Asia Centre Bangalore Think Tank Member – talk on China
National Defence College (NDC) Military Institute Talks on China, Pakistan, and Afghanistan

Panellist – Future Application of Force – joint way ahead.
College of Air Warfare (CAW)

Editorial Board of CAW Journal

 Military Institute Talks (China, IAF, Airpower, leadership etc.),

Paper reviews (China, grey zone and Airpower, Hypersonic weapons, China military-civil fusion, etc.) and strategic exercise
 Flying Training Institute – Air Force Academy Military Institute Talks on leadership and motivation, Technology and air power
 Flying Training Institute – Bidar Military Institute Changing nature of warfare
 Flying Training Institute – Hakimpet Military Institute Dealing with two inimical neighbours.
 College of Defence Management Military Institute Talks on China, IAF, airpower, leadership etc.)
 Army War College Military Institute Talks on (China, Airpower, IAF etc.)
 College of Naval Warfare (CNW) Military Institute Talks on (Maritime air operations, Airpower and IAF)
 Defence Services Staff College (DSSC) Military Institute Talks on (Airpower, China, IAF, maritime air

Operations, etc.)

Non-Kinetic Warfare – Seminar and mentoring during exercise
 Western Air Command, IAF IAF Talk on China and Doklam
 Eastern Air Command, IAF IAF Webinar on China with CAPS – Joint Strategic Support Force, Article for Coffee Table Book
Southern Air Command IAF China in IOR, Maritime air ops
Training Command, IAF IAF Seminar on the 1971 War. Talk on Multilateralism.
HQ Maritime air ops IAF Future maritime air operations
Air Force Association IAF Article for Journal on HT-2 Aircraft, and Women Air Warriors
 HQ IDS HQ IDS Panellist – ICADS, AP vis-à-vis NKW
Talks at IAF Units, SDI, ASTE, BRDs (Pune & Delhi), Six squadron IAF Practical Leadership and Management, Ukraine conflict, IAF, Air power subjects
 ARTRAC, IA Army Panellist – Air power and MDW
 Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Government Advisor.
 Def Talks Video channel Video Interviews(Drone threat, IAF roles and tasks,

AP in GZ, Indigenisation, Theatre commands, collective security, S – 400, Ukraine War, air superiority, Space warfare, Life of a Fighter Pilot
 Lt Gen Gurmeet Singh Video channel Video Interview (China, IAF and leadership)
 Hum Hindustani Video channel Video Interview (China, Drone Threat)
Jaideep Saikia Journalist Panellist in Webinar on China
The Book Review & Literary Trust Literary Trust 5 Book Reviews
FPRC (Foreign Policy Research Centre) Research Institute Articles India’s relations with Russia, USA and China
ABP News Channel Commentaries (Republic Day and Air Force Day)
BBC (Jugal Purohit) News Channel Interview on Balakot
CNN News Channel Video bytes – UFO sighting at Imphal airport
India TV News Channel Interview on Balakot, IAF Capability building
NDTV (Vishnu Som) News Channel Interview (Rafale)
Sansad TV News Channel Interview
India Today News Channel Interview on Balakot

Interview on China Threat & Indian Military Preparedness.

RD Commentary

Panel discussion on Tejas Mk IA
TV9 Bharatvarsh News Channel Video bytes on the TEJAS program, the Israel-Hamas war, the Astra Missile, a New airfield in Pakistan, Nyoma airfield, and the Launch of 50 satellites. Video bytes on SU-30 aircraft.
DD News News Channel Aero India 2023

Interview on Tejas aircraft
Eurasian Times News Channel Inputs on fighter aircraft procurement

Chinese J-31 for Pakistan

Dragon at Shigatse

Kargil War
Sputnik News Russia News Channel Interview on Defence contracts, inputs on Air Defence, S-400 and BMD.
Bharat TV Now News Channel Advisor

Discussion on Israel-Hamas war
News Analytics Online Forum Article on Russia-Ukraine War, China’s military reorganisation, IAF challenges & future trajectory.
Dept of East Asian Studies, DU University Panel Discussion: Modernisation of the Chinese Military
Rashtriya Raksha University University Talk: PLAAF and its modernisation.
UPES – University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (Dehradun) University Talk on Practical leadership and management during

FDP – Faculty Development Program
JNU University Talk on China
Fletcher South Asia society University India’s defence preparedness in a new environment.
Vels University, Chennai University Chief guest, talk on airpower, technology and motivation, Podcast
Hindustan University, Chennai University Keynote address – “International Conference on Autonomous Airborne Systems(ICAAS-2023)”
Christ University, Bangalore University Motivational Talk
Reva University University Track two Dialogue, Panellist – Indo – Russia Relations
IIT Hyderabad University Panellist – Technology in Defence Services.
Alliance University University Technology in the Defence Sector
VJTI (Mumbai) College Motivational talk during the tech festival
Stanley College (Hyderabad) College Motivational talk during college festival
BITS Pilani (Goa) College Motivational talk during college festival
IIT (Delhi) College Study on bullet-resistant Material
Punjab Engineering College Chandigarh College Life in IAF, leadership and motivation
GEMS B School College Convocation motivational Address
ICFAI – Indian Chartered Financial Analysts Institute Institute India, Pakistan and China
Empowerment Talks Motivational group Motivational Talk
White Canvas India Education company Chief Guest at India’s top 20 under 20. (2021 and 2022)

Chief Guest for Book launch – Yes, we did

Chief Guest for Young CEO workshop at Gurukul & Ryan International.
BCG – Boston Consulting Company Consultation Firm Consultation on C4ISR
The Brand Called You Media Tech global platform Interview
Cognet Integrated Business Solutions Corporate Talk on Good working Environment.
YPO – Young President’s Organisation Corporate Interaction – India, Pakistan, China.
Embryonic Foundation NGO Defence dialogue interview and interaction
MH Cockpits Aviation courses Chief guest, talk on airpower, technology and motivation, Podcast
Blue sky podcasts Podcasts Journey through IAF
Between US (Santosh Kumar) Podcast Leadership, geopolitics, airpower and security
Locomotive welfare association Welfare Association Chief guest and motivational talk.
Youth Parliament / Chatra Sansad Youth Organisation Motivational talk on discipline and tolerance.
Byjus Education Company Live Project on how does an aeroplane fly.
Bangalore International Centre Social Organisation Talk on “The Future of Conflict in an Asian Context”
SpkWthGrv Talk Show Life in IAF
BIAG India (International Aviation Games Board) Board Talk on Drones
Gurukul

Ryan International

The Scindia School, Gwalior

 Schools Chief guest during young CEO workshop – Motivational talk
New Horizon, Bangalore

TAFS, Delhi

 School Motivational Talk
Destination India National Journal Article: “Airpower in Indian Context” in the special issue – Defence matters.
Peace Prints South Asian Journal Women in Armed Forces: Prospects and Challenges.
SP Aviation Journal Article on Future trends of fighter aircraft.

 

Enjoyed researching topics related to defence, security, geo-politics, technology, leadership and management etc. The posts were interspersed with some humour and quotes.

 

Looking forward to your continued

Support, Readership and Encouragement.

 

 

CREDITS:-

The credit for starting the blog goes to my course mate and friend Col Murali. He provided me the space, encouraged me and held my hand initially.

Very encouraging message from Murli:-

Air Marshal Anil Khosla has had an amazing career in the Indian Air Force. He is one of those rare warriors blessed with the right mix of a soldier and a scholar; a true Scholar-Warrior.

His blog (“Air Marshal’s Perspective”) posts are brimming with strategic insights and are a goldmine for any student of Air Warfare. Yet, they are also refreshingly straightforward, making them equally appealing to a simple soldier, empowering them with practical knowledge. I am truly in awe of Anil’s unwavering dedication, consistently posting for the past four years, culminating in an astounding 500-plus posts today. His commitment is truly inspiring and commands respect.

Here, I would like to mention how it all started. It was the year 2016, and Dec 16th was the much-awaited reunion day for the 55th course NDA. To compile the phone numbers and addresses of our coursemates, I created a simple page on a free website platform. It was a kind of fun activity; nothing very serious. One thing led to the other, and today, we have our portal 55nda.com, which hosts Anil Khosla’s blog. As a self-styled, self-taught infantry soldier, I didn’t expect the site to get much traction. Today, I must say it is Anil Khosla’s blog hosting 55nda.com. That’s where all the hits come.

The poet-philosopher in Anil is seen in the posts classified as “Shiqurdu”, a thought-provoking verse in a mix of Hindi and Urdu. All posts are neatly classified into different categories, which is a treasure trove for any student of Air Power. My best wishes to Anil to reach higher and higher; the sky has no limit.

 

Credit also goes to another course mate Vicky Sheorey for getting me all the equipment needed for video conference and recordings.

 

 

 

AIR MARSHAL ANIL KHOSLA (RETD) 

PVSM AVSM VM

 

  • Indian Air Force Veteran: Former Vice Chief of Air Staff (VCAS) Indian Air Force.

 

  • Born on 09 Apr 1959, commissioned on 14 Dec 1979 and retired on 30 Apr 2019.

 

  • Air Marshal Anil Khosla, a distinguished alumnus of the National Defence Academy, was commissioned in the fighter stream of the Indian Air Force. His career, marked by over 4,000 hours of accident-free flying, is a testament to his exceptional skills and dedication. His expertise on various aircraft, including the Jaguar, Mig-21, and Kiran, and his proficiency in both Ground attack and Air Defence roles, particularly in the maritime role, set him apart in the Indian Air Force.

 

  • Awards. Air Marshal Anil Khosla’s distinguished service has been recognized with three presidential awards: the Param Vishisht Seva Medal, the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal, and the Vayu Sena Medal. His commendation by the CAS and the AOC-in-C during the flying training period as a cadet further underscores his exceptional service and dedication to the Indian Air Force.

 

  • Air Marshal Anil Khosla is a post-graduate from the Defence Services Staff College. He is an A2 category flying instructor and a fighter strike leader. His academic prowess is evident from his standing first in the order of merit in all the attended courses, including the Flying Instructor Course, Fighter Strike Leaders Course, Junior Command Course, and Staff Course. He was awarded the commandant’s medal during the Higher Command Course at Army War College and has attended the Senior Defence Management course at the College of Defence Management and the course at National Defence College, further solidifying his academic and professional achievements.

 

While in Service:

  • During his service, Air Marshal Anil Khosla played a pivotal role in the DOKLAM operations against China and the BALAKOT strike against Pakistan. His leadership and strategic acumen were instrumental in these operations, further solidifying his reputation in the Indian Air Force.

 

  • At higher ranks, Air Marshal Anil Khosla held pivotal appointments that underscored his leadership and strategic acumen. These include serving as the VCAS (Vice Chief of Air Staff), AOC-in-C (Air officer Commanding – in – Chief) Eastern Air Command, Director General Air Operations (DGAO), Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO) Central Air Command, Air Officer Commanding J&K (along with NC of Army), and AOC Maritime air operations (Along with Navy). His contributions in these roles have been instrumental in shaping the Indian Air Force’s operations and strategies.

 

  • Throughout his career, Air Marshal Anil Khosla has served in all the operational commands of the IAF in all sectors. He has commanded two important operational Bases, Ambala and Jaisalmer, which provided him with a comprehensive understanding of the operational aspects of the Indian Air Force.

 

  • He has worked extensively with the Army and Navy and has been associated with several Government Ministries and agencies, including NTRO, DRDO, ISRO, NDMA and defence PSUs.

 

  • He was Involved with formulating Air Force War Plans, Force structure planning and capability building.

 

  • He has handled (planned, monitored and executed) several internal and international Exercises and Disaster Relief situations, both within the country and abroad.

 

Academic: He Holds Two MPhil degrees in defence and strategic studies and is pursuing research on China (how does Dragon’s brain work).

  • He has delivered talks on military subjects like Leadership, China, Pakistan, Air Power, maritime air operations, and IAF in military academic institutions, including the National Defence College (NDC), College of Air Warfare (CAW), Army War College (AWC), College of Naval Warfare (CNW), College of Defence Management (CDM), and Defence Services Staff College (DSSC).

 

  • He has been a distinguished fellow at the United Services Institute (USI) and the Centre of Air Power Studies (CAPS). On the College of Air Warfare Journal and CAPS Journal (Blue Yonder) editorial board. Strategic Advisor – Aerospace and Defence division of the Synergia Foundation, Advisor Indus International Research Foundation. Instructor at Peninsula Foundation and worked with several think tanks and organisations.

 

  • Academic work includes written papers (on air power, geopolitics, and security issues), the Conduct of Strategic Exercises, book reviews, mentoring, and motivational talks.

 

Hobbies and Interests:-

  • A Keen Golfer, Billiards, Snooker and Pool player.
  • His favourite pastime is puzzle solving, which he has pursued up to the National level (13 times Sudoku nationals and 04 times Puzzle-solving nationals).

Email: khuski@gmail.com

Blog:  http://55nda.com/blogs/anil-khosla/

https://55nda.com/blogs/anil-khosla/subscribe/

YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@anilkhosla15871

Social Media Handles

Linkedin:    https://www.linkedin.com/in/anil-khosla-6848a5179/

Twitter:      https://twitter.com/AnilKhosla16

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/anil.khosla.733076

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/anil.khosla.733076/

Discord:     Anil#7748

 

Suggestions and value additions are most welcome.

 

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References and credits

To all the online sites and channels.

 

Disclaimer:

Information and data included in the blog are for educational & non-commercial purposes only and have been carefully adapted, excerpted, or edited from reliable and accurate sources. All copyrighted material belongs to respective owners and is provided only for wider dissemination.

 

 

 

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