Tag: Technology

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518: INDIAN AIR FORCE FLIGHT PATH @ 92

 

 

 

My Article published in the

News Analytics Journal (Oct 24)

 

The Indian Air Force (IAF) will celebrate its anniversary in Chennai on 08 Oct 24. The festivities will include a parade at Air Force Station Tambaram, followed by a spectacular air show over Marina Beach featuring some of the IAF’s most advanced fighter jets, such as the newly acquired Rafale, versatile SU-30, and indigenous Tejas, along with thrilling performances by the Suryakiran aerobatic team, Sarang helicopter display team and Akash Ganga skydiving team. The event serves as a celebration of the IAF’s history, technological advancements, and significant role in protecting Indian airspace. The IAF was founded on October 8, 1932, and has since grown into the world’s fourth-largest and most advanced air force. It is known not only for its combat capabilities but also for its contributions to nation-building, disaster relief and international peacekeeping missions.

 

 

Past Trail

 

Genesis. The Indian Air Force started its journey on 08 Oct, 1932, during the British Era.  The first operational squadron took flight on April 1, 1933, comprised six RAF-trained officers, 19 Hawaii Sepoys (air soldiers), and a modest fleet of four Westland Wapiti aircraft. Recognising its outstanding professionalism and accomplishments during World War II, the organisation was granted the “Royal” prefix in March 1945, thus adopting the name Royal Indian Air Force (RIAF). In January 1950, the “Royal” prefix was dropped, and the Indian Air Force proudly became the formidable force we know today.

 

Participation in Wars. To date, the Indian Air Force has engaged in four conflicts with Pakistan, including the 1947-1948, 1965, and 1971 Bangladesh War, and the 1999 Kargil War. In 1961, it played a crucial role in supporting the integration of Goa into the Indian Union. During the 1962 conflict, the IAF provided vital air support. In 1984, the IAF was pivotal in capturing the Siachen Glacier and evicting intruders from the Kargil area in 1999.

 

Strategic Transformation. The IAF was initially formed to meet the British Empire’s tactical air power application requirements, and it remained tactical for a considerable time after Independence. It was only in 1971 that the IAF carried out strategic effect-based operations with parallel air campaigns. In the first decade of this century, the IAF inducted airborne early warning and aerial refuelling capability, leading to increased strategic reach and conventional deterrence. The IAF started transforming from a tactical air power to a strategic one to become a multi-spectrum air force.

 

 

Doctrinal Evolution. Over the decades, the IAF’s doctrine has been shaped by its war experiences, technological advancements, and shifts in global military thought. The Indian Air Force has transformed from a support-oriented tactical force to a strategic power capable of several offensive, defensive, and deterrent roles. The evolution of its doctrine has kept pace with changes in global warfare, focusing on precision, network-centric operations, and the use of air and space power as critical enablers of national security. The IAF is preparing for future challenges by enhancing its space, cyber, and electronic warfare capabilities.

 

Flying For and With the Nation

 

A Key Player in Nation-Building. The Indian Air Force (IAF) is not just a defender of the nation’s skies but a multifaceted force that significantly contributes to India’s nation-building. Its roles in national security, economic development, humanitarian efforts, and technological advancements are crucial components of this process.

 

    • Safeguarding National Sovereignty. The IAF’s primary responsibility is to protect India’s airspace and national sovereignty. By ensuring air superiority, conducting surveillance, and being ready for combat, the IAF safeguards India’s territorial integrity against external threats. The IAF, a vital component of India’s defence forces triad, provides strategic deterrence through its advanced combat capabilities, thus maintaining regional stability and security. The IAF also plays an essential role in internal security by conducting air support missions during counterterrorism operations. IAF’s unwavering commitment to safeguarding national sovereignty instils a sense of security and confidence in the citizens.

 

    • Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR). The IAF’s critical role in disaster management, closely coordinating with the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and National Disaster Relief Force (NDRF), instils security and protection. The IAF is instrumental in responding to disasters due to floods, earthquakes, forest fires, cyclones, tsunamis, etc. It conducts rescue and relief operations, airlifting food, medical supplies, and personnel to affected areas. Its C-17 Globe Master III and C-130J Super Hercules transport aircraft and a fleet of helicopters are indispensable in airlifting relief materials and evacuating people from disaster-stricken regions. During the Uttarakhand floods in 2013, the IAF executed one of its most extensive disaster relief operations, rescuing thousands of stranded people in challenging terrain and providing crucial medical aid and supplies.

 

    • Medical Evacuations: The IAF has been a beacon of hope in medical evacuation operations, especially during emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. It’s swift and efficient transportation of essential medical supplies, vaccines, and oxygen cylinders across the country and internationally reassures the public of their care and safety. The IAF also significantly evacuated Indian citizens from foreign countries during the pandemic, demonstrating its commitment to public service and national welfare.

 

    • Military-Civil Cooperation. The IAF’s airports and infrastructure are shared with civil aviation, improving connectivity, especially in remote or strategically important areas like Leh and Port Blair, etc. The IAF also provides air connectivity to remote and rugged regions when needed.

 

    • Capacity Building and Skill Development. The IAF employs thousands of personnel, including pilots, engineers, technicians, and support staff. Its training institutes are among the premier military institutions in India, producing highly skilled professionals. These valuable skills can be applied in both military and civilian sectors. Many IAF personnel contribute to various industries after their military service, transferring skills such as aviation expertise, leadership, and technical knowledge to civil aviation, engineering, and other industries.

 

    • Fostering National Integration and Patriotism. The IAF’s professionalism, discipline, and achievements in both war and peace serve as a symbol of national pride and unity. Its displays and public air shows inspire patriotism and unity among citizens. The IAF recruits personnel from all regions and communities of India, promoting national integration. The force’s inclusive nature helps foster a sense of belonging and unity among diverse sections of Indian society.

 

    • Strategic Military Diplomacy and Global Partnerships. The IAF participates in international military exercises, enhancing India’s defence ties and fostering strategic partnerships. These collaborations enhance the IAF’s operational readiness and contribute globally to India’s diplomatic relations. The IAF has extended its disaster relief operations to neighbouring and friendly nations, contributing to India’s image as a responsible global player. During the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the IAF significantly provided relief to countries like Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and the Maldives. The IAF has supported United Nations peacekeeping missions, transporting troops, equipment, and supplies to conflict zones, contributing to international peace and stability.

 

 

 

Indian Air Force Trajectory

 

The Indian Air Force’s future trajectory is shaped by its need to address evolving regional threats, adapt to technological advancements, and align with India’s broader strategic goals. As the IAF prepares for future warfare, its unwavering commitment to enhancing its capabilities in terms of air power instils a strong sense of reassurance in India’s military strength. This, coupled with its emphasis on force projection and joint operations with other military branches, positions the IAF as a formidable force. The IAF, a technology-intensive service, is dedicated to continuous technology induction and modernisation. Its modernisation efforts are centred on replacing or upgrading ageing systems, incorporating next-generation technology and acquiring new platforms, weapons and systems.

 

The IAF has recently inducted Rafale jets equipped with advanced avionics, radar systems, and weapons capabilities. These multirole fighters significantly enhance the IAF’s air combat capabilities. The Indigenous Tejas Mk1 and upcoming Tejas Mk2 aircraft are integral to the IAF’s modernisation plans. The Mk2 variant, with enhanced combat range and payload, is expected to replace older aircraft like the MiG-29 and Mirage 2000. India is also developing an indigenous Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA), a fifth-generation stealth fighter with advanced avionics, stealth capabilities, and the ability to perform air superiority and strike roles. The IAF is also expanding its strategic airlift, mid-air refuelling, and combat support operations capabilities with aircraft like the C-17 Globemaster III, C-130, IL-76/78, AWACS and AEW&C aircraft to support rapid deployment and extended operations. Its air combat capability has been boosted with the induction of Apache and heavy-lift Chinook helicopters. The IAF also includes Indigenous rotary-wing platforms like the Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) and Light Utility Helicopter (LUH).

 

The Indian Air Force is preparing itself to meet the challenges of 21st-century warfare through comprehensive all-round capability development.

 

    • Protecting the Air Space. The IAF has significantly invested in advanced air defence systems to counter emerging threats. The induction of the S-400 air defence system from Russia has substantially enhanced the IAF’s ability to defend against aerial threats. This robust defence system provides a layered, multi-target air defence capability, ensuring the audience of India’s secure airspace. The IAF’s Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS) further reinforces this security by providing a networked environment that integrates air defence sensors, weapons and command and control systems, enabling faster decision-making and real-time coordination.

 

    • Space and Cyber Capabilities. The IAF’s doctrine has expanded from air power to aerospace power, incorporating space and cyber warfare as components of future warfare. The IAF is focused on enhancing its role in space, particularly in leveraging space-based intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities. Recognising the importance of cyber warfare in modern conflicts, the IAF is strengthening its cyber defence capabilities. Establishing the Defence Space Agency (DSA) and Defence Cyber Agency (DCA) reflects this shift toward multi-domain operations, where cyber and electronic warfare will be crucial in achieving air dominance.

 

    • Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), Drones and Autonomous Platforms. The IAF is expanding its Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) capabilities to include various roles. The IAF is acquiring armed drones, including the MQ-9B SeaGuardian from the U.S., and supporting the development of indigenous armed drones. These will be used for surveillance, strike missions, and networked operations. The IAF is investing in swarm drone technology for future warfare. These drones, which can operate in large numbers to overwhelm enemy defences, will be a critical asset in high-tech conflicts. The IAF is also exploring autonomous systems that can operate in contested environments, reducing the risk to human pilots and increasing operational flexibility.

 

    • Network-Centric Warfare (NCW). The IAF focuses on network-centric capabilities, where multiple platforms (aircraft, UAVs, ground systems) are interconnected through secure communication networks. This allows the IAF to share real-time information and make quick, data-driven decisions during operations.

 

    • Reach & Precision Capabilities. The IAF is expanding its long-range strike capabilities, including advanced long-range weapons and platforms that will allow it to engage targets deep inside enemy territory precisely.

 

Indigenous Development and Self-Reliance.  The IAF has been a critical driver in India’s push toward defence indigenisation and self-reliance. The IAF’s initiative and support for indigenisation has reduced dependence on foreign suppliers, enhanced defence capabilities, and boosted the domestic industry. It has played an essential role in creating an aerospace ecosystem in India and has been operating indigenously built and licenced production aircraft and systems. It has been instrumental in developing Indigenous aircraft, radars, and missile systems in collaboration with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Platforms like the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas, Light Combat Helicopter (LCH), and air defence systems are a testament to this. The success of these projects has contributed immensely to the Make in India policy. The IAF’s support for research and development of critical aerospace technologies further promotes innovation and technological growth. India’s “Make in India” initiative significantly influences the IAF’s future trajectory.

 

From its humble beginnings as a small auxiliary force in 1932, the Indian Air Force has grown into a highly professional, modern force. The IAF’s journey from the beginning to its current position as a symbol of national pride is a testament to its remarkable achievements. From defending the nation during conflicts to providing vital support, the IAF remains integral to India’s security and strength. It has played decisive roles in India’s wars and peacekeeping missions. The IAF, through its evolution, has remained a cornerstone of India’s defence strategy, continually adapting to meet modern challenges. IAF’s chosen trajectory aims to secure air dominance, increase self-reliance, and emerge as a key player in regional and global defence scenarios, ensuring that it remains a formidable force in conventional and unconventional warfare.

 

Your valuable comments are most welcome.

 

 

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References and credits

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Disclaimer:

Information and data included in the blog are for educational & non-commercial purposes only and have been carefully adapted, excerpted, or edited from reliable and accurate sources. All copyrighted material belongs to respective owners and is provided only for wider dissemination.

 

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509: Celebrating Fourth BLOGAVERSARY with 500+ Posts

 

Air Marshal’s Perspective

(Candid and to the point – काम की बात)

SELF MANAGED BLOG

 

 

Ranked 14th in the list of Top 25 Indian Defence Blogs and Websites

 

 

 

Hello Readers,

 

It has been four years since the blog “Air Marshal’s Perspective” was launched. The idea of the blog is to share the gained knowledge and new learnings.

 

 

The tagline of the blog “Candid and to the point / काम की बात”, explains the style adopted. In the times of quick fix (Twenty 20 cricket), everyone wants to know the gist of the issue (as one of my gurus used to say “Just tell me the निचोड़”). The written posts cover the topic in bullet form (two to three pages), with a reading time of 5-7 minutes. The lengthier video bytes have a selective viewing option.

 

First and foremost thanks to all the readers who read the blog and provide the necessary encouragement to continue blogging.

 

 

Topics Covered

 

 Leadership, Management, Motivation, and  Growth Mindset
Decision making
Mental toughness
Earning respect
Good  leadership qualities and values
Science of Karma
Good working culture and environment
Listening Skills
Be good, feel good
Healthy working environment
importance of Tolerance
Lessons from Buddha
Difference between strength and courage
Lessons from rich and famous
Leadership lessons from Hollywood movies.
Shark in the tank theory of management
Car wheel theory of management
Aya Ram Gaya Ram syndrome – yes, men.
Calculated Risks
Practical Leadership and Management
Communication skills and body language
Lessons from Nanak
Being Responsible and Tolerant
Growth Mindset
Transferable Skills
Advice to the young generation
Motivational Talks
Importance of self-discipline
Learn from Ganesha
Listen to Krishna
Words of Wisdom
Life in IAF
Convocation Address – lessons from life in IAF
Courage is an essential trait of leadership.
Leadership: A Privilege
Embrace your Journey of Life
Trust and Integrity:  The Cornerstones of Authentic Leadership
Five by Five rule: Assured happiness.
 

China
China’s Brain is differently wired.
China’s strategic thought
China’s military modernisation
China’s Defence industry
China – Pakistan Collusion
China – Art of deception
China: Kill Pigs List
China: Social Score System
China: Active Defence Policy
China’s Joint Strategic Support Force (JSSF)
China – Joint Strategic Support Force.
Dealing with the Dragon
China’s grey zone operations
China: Flavours of military Reform
China: Pillars of Military Reform
China’s new diplomacy – drawing red lines in the sand.
China – demographic analysis.
China through US Prism
China in the South China Sea
China’s Military – Civil Fusion
PLAAF Analysis Strengths and weaknesses
Book review on China Airpower
Dealing with Dragon
Knowing China Better: lie flat and let it rot.
Knowing China, Better social life and customs
Something is not right in Dragon land.
Q&A India China stand-off
China in IOR
What is cooking in the Chinese military cauldron
Dragon at Shigatse
China aircraft carrier development
China’s military reorganisation: a story of evolution and reversion.
 

Geopolitics 
China
Pakistan – National Security Policy, Turmoil
Afghanistan
India’s foreign policy
India’s neighbourhood
Quad
Indo – Russian relations
State of Airpower Assets in Afghanistan
Indo – US relations
Afghanistan: Taliban run over
World in Transition
US-China Shadowboxing over Taiwan
China spoiling Bhutan’s GNH.
Thucydides  Trap, – Dragon challenging Eagle
South China sea
Gini Index and implications.
Multilateralism: Flexible Security Cooperation.
India-Pakistan border issue – tunnels and drones
India-China border talks
China Pak Collusivity
SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organisation: Relevance  and future trajectory
Sri Lanka Economic crisis: lessons and opportunity
Ukraine Conflict
Bangladeshi tango with China
Economic Sanctions
Djibouti: Tug of war between USA and China
The Future of Conflict in the Asian Context
Israel Palestine standoff
India, Pakistan, China Asian triangle
Indo-US Collaboration in Defence
World in Transit
Indo-Russia relations
Indo-Vietnam Cooperation
Many suitors for strategically located Djibouti
Renewed Impetus to Indo-Russia Relations
 

Air Power

 
Airpower in Grey zone operations
Airpower in no war, no peace situation
Air Power & Non-Kinetic Warfare
Air Power in Multi-Domain Warfare
Airpower in HADR ops and aid to civil authorities
Drone Threat: The Big Picture
Fighter aircraft classifications by generations
Emerging Technologies and Air Defence
Air Power in Modern-Day Warfare
S-400 SAM AD System
Combat Aviation most desired – least understood.
Changing nature of warfare
Air Defence operations
Air power strategies: multiple threats and limited resources
Airpower in the maritime domain
Air Power and effect-based operations
Air power concepts: Command / control the air, air supremacy, Air superiority and favourable air situation.
Contemporary airpower thought
How does an aeroplane fly
Air power basics revisited.
Air power and war endurance
Global Wars and lessons for Indian airpower
Classification of fighter jets into generations
Centralised planning decentralised execution
Global Airpower Ranking 2024
Giulio  Douhet: Relevance Today
All About Airpower
Airpower in Indian Context
Airpower Theorists and Their Core Thoughts and Beliefs
Relevance of John Warden’s thoughts on Air Power Application and Air Campaign Planning.
Future trends of fighter aircraft.
Air Campaign Planning
 

Technology

 
Hypersonics and hypersonic weapons
Technology and airpower
Future Trajectory of AI
Artificial intelligence
Future of conflict in new domains (Space, Cyber and deep sea)
Unmanned Platforms and Swarms, Loyal Wingman concept
AI and Fake News
AI: Digital twins and Surrogate models
Military application of quantum technology.
What next after 6th gen aircraft
Technology in the defence forces.
Mission Divyastra MIRV Technology
Technology and the future of aircraft maintenance
Speed Race: Hypersonic weapons
Countering Hypersonic Threat: Difficult but Manageable Problem
 

Security
Collective Security
National Security / Military Strategy
Urgent need for National Security Policy
Collective dealing with non-traditional challenges
 

Cyber Safety and Security

 
Cyber warfare
Digital addiction
Economic Cyber Frauds
Future of conflict in new domains (Space, Cyber and deep sea)
 

Nuclear

 
Nuclear trends, threats and challenges 27 Jun 24
Nuclear aspects revisited
 

Space

 
Space operations
Space warfare and organisation in India
Space-based ISR
Space warfare in the Korean Peninsula
Launch of 50 surveillance satellites by ISRO in 5 years.
Future of conflict in new domains (Space, Cyber and deep sea)
 

Indian Air Force

 
Capability development
Tejas and AMCA project
IAF role in HADR and aid to civil and other agencies
Network-centric operations
PLAAF and IAF comparative analysis
IAF Modernisation
Balakot Operations
Maritime air operations in future
Rafale induction and capability enhancement
S-400 Induction
Fire Power Demo: Ex Vayu Shakti
IAF fighter strength drawdown and mitigation plan
IAF Strategies: past, present and future.
Life in IAF
IAF multi-national exercises
Exercise Bright Star 2023
Strategic evolution of IAF
C-295 ac induction IAF capability enhancement and benefits
Astra AAR BVR Missile
Journey through IAF
Prachand the Himalayan griffin.
Women air warriors in the IAF
IAF challenges and future trajectory.
Discussion on the book by Jasjit Sinh: Defence from the Skies.
 

War and Warfare

 
Types of war
Decoys and deception
Afghanistan Air Assets
Future Wars
Warfare
Grey Zone Warfare
Classification of warfare into generations (Russian Thoughts)
Domains of warfare
C4ISR
Military Balance in the region
Ukraine War: Air Power aspects, a case of dog and bone, Air Superiority aspects, decoding Ukraine war. Lessons.
Operational Logistics
Lesser known facts about 1971the  War
Review of book on 1962 war
Review of the book on the 1965 war
India’s two-front challenge
Douhet theories
Duration of Conflict
Jasjit Singh on Airpower
Galwan standoff
Asymmetric Threat
Accelerating the Paradigm Shift
Multilateralism: Relevance and changes
Aspect – Long-drawn wars
National Security Strategy
HAMAS attack on Israel
Cognitive warfare
India’s readiness for drone warfare
Integrated deterrence
Orchestrating Air Campaigns: Thumb Rules
Russia-Ukraine War: Phase of Engagement with long Range Vectors
Kargil War
 

Military
Military diplomacy
Military spending: trends and analysis.
Collusive Threat and Deterrence: Air and Space Aspects
Integrated Capability Development.
Joint war game training systems
Fighter Pilot: Traits
Agni veer and Agnipath / Tour of duty / making best of the scheme
Andaman and Nicobar Command and Islands
Defining Military Diplomacy
Women in the Indian Defence Services
Joint Operations and Jointmanship
Trends in International Arms Transfer
Global Military Spending – Trends and Analysis (2023)
Women in defence forces: prospects and challenges.
 

Higher Defence Organisation

 
Department of military affairs
Theaterisation
Air defence command
Civil-military fusion
Theatre Command in Indian Context
Reorganisation of HDO in India
 

Flight Safety
Golden rules of safety
Importance of SOPs
A proactive approach to safety
Damage due to Bird Hits and Foreign Objects
Safety and aviation
Good safety Culture
Tool management for safe maintenance
Aircraft Drift – Causes and Concerns
Sathe safety aspects of short landings.
Inculcating safety culture
 

Defence Industry

 
Indigenous defence industry
HAL and DPSUs
Role of the private sector in defence production
Arms Transfer to Afghanistan
Defence Budget issues
Atmanirbharta
Exportability of LCA and Brahmos combined package
IAF and indigenisation
Indian Initiatives to promote self-reliance
Tejas export options
Russia – India Defence contracts past, present and future.
EU’s defence spending
Aero India 2021 & 2023
Arms trade: Trends and Concerns
Arms trade: flow vis-a-vis hot spots
Expanding the footprint of Boeing in India
Decoding US presence at Aero India 2023
Global Military Spending: Trends and Catalysts
 

India
Understanding Manipur Dynamics
Indian foreign policy and defence diplomacy
Meghalaya Dynamics
Transparency, Accountability and Threats to Independent Institutions of Democracy
 

Book Reviews and Endorsements

 
1946: Last War of Independence: Royal Indian Navy Mutiny by Pramod Kapur
1962 Border War: Territorial Dispute and Beyond by Ismail Vergasseri
The Politics of South China Sea Disputes By Nehginpao Kipgen
1965 A Western Sunrise: India’s War With Pakistan By Shiv Kunal Verma
The Game Behind Saffron Terror by Kanwar Khatana
Peer  Review –  “China-The Rising Aerospace Power: Implications for India”
Peer Review –  “MRO as a strategic asset”
Book Endorsement – “Greatest Air Aces of All Time” by Air Marshal Anil Chopra
Book Endorsement – The 1971 Indo-Pak Air War: Reflections and Projections
Peer review of a paper on Global challenges of soft power.
 

Stories

 
My tryst with HT-2 aircraft: The day god flew with me
The day I flew my dad’s car.
Malse Lake: Tale of two-course mates
Flying Tales
Tribute to Air Mshl PK Dey “Remembering Dadu: Self-Made Legend
SHIQURDU: 50 + posts of simplified Deep-meaning thoughts in Hurdu (a mix of Hindi and Urdu)
Remembering Dadu: Self Made Legend

 

Collaborated, Coordinated, Partnered, Assisted, Liaised, Cooperated, and Interacted with:-

 

Distinguished fellow at United Services Institute (USI).

Distinguished Fellow at the Center of Air Power Studies (CAPS).

On the editorial board of the College of Air Warfare Journal.

On the editorial board of CAPS Journal (Blue Yonder).

On the editorial board of News Analytics.

Strategic Advisor – Aerospace and Defence division of the Synergia Foundation.

Advisor – Indus International Research Foundation.

Advisor – Bharat TV Now

Life member: White Canvas Education Council.

Instructed at Peninsula Foundation & CSDR.

Conferred a title by Gems B School: Distinguished Son of India.

Member – Asia Centre Bangalore.

 

Organisation Type of Organisation Type of work
Centre of Air Power Studies (CAPS)

Distinguished Fellow

 Think Tank Talks (China, Leadership, Joint Strategic support force & Maritime air ops), Article on Air Defence & Airpower strategies. Seminar on Ukraine war. Conduct of discussions during WASP prog.
United Services Institute (USI)

Distinguished Fellow

 Think Tank Talks, panellists in Seminars/Webinars, Articles for journals, Strategic exercises at IFS, NDC, CAW and 27 Mtn Div, mentoring, strategic game on capability building. Peer review of paper
Synergia Foundation

Strategic Advisor – Aerospace and Defence division of the Synergia Foundation.

 Think Tank Articles, Talk during Aero India, Talk during Def Expo.

Talk at Bangalore International Centre.
Shyama Prakash Mukherji Research Foundation (SPMRF) Think Tank Suraksha Samvad – Study & Discussion
Delhi Policy Group (DPG) Think Tank Panellist in Seminars / Webinars
Vivekanand International Foundation Think Tank Panellist in Webinars and Podcasts.

Wargame.
CENJOWS Think Tank Panellist in Seminars / Webinars (Integrated Capability Development – Sep 21)
CSDR (The Council for Strategic and Defence Research) Think Tank Talk / Lecture on Air Power & IAF
CKS – Center for Knowledge Sovereignty Think Tank Talk on China – How Does Dragon’s Brain Work

Talk – Strategic evolution of IAF
Manohar Parikar Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis(MPIDSA) Think Tank Participated in Seminars/ webinars
Fair Observer (USA) Think Tank    Panellist in Seminar/ webinar

Making sense of India’s stand on Ukraine
CASA (The Current & Strategic Affairs Forum) Think Tank Participated in Seminars/ webinars
National Maritime Foundation Think Tank Participated in Seminars/ webinars

Indo-pacific strategic dialogue
CLAWS Think Tank Participated in Seminars/ webinars

Article on war Endurance
SAMDES Think Tank Participated in Seminars/ webinars
The Takshashila Institution Think Tank Participated in Seminars/ webinars

Panellist  for discussion on Agniveer scheme
The Peninsula Foundation Think Tank Lecture on Air power and IAF

Participated in Seminars/ webinars
Chennai Center for China Studies Think Tank Panellist in Seminar/ webinar (PLAAF)
Indic Research Forum Think Tank Panellist in Seminar/ webinar (PLAAF)

Keynote address: IAF and Counterterrorism ops

Panelist: Ukraine war.
Chanakya Forum Website Think Tank Articles

Decoding US presence at Aero India 2023.

Ukraine war.

IAF strength drawdown.

Understanding Manipur dynamics

C295 ac induction in IAF

India’s readiness for drone warfare

Chinese Gryfalcon in Pak skies.

Russia entices India with SU-75 aircraft.

Hypersonic Air Defence.

Prachand: the Himalayan griffin.
Chanakya Diaries Journal Article on Genesis of air power theories and their relevance today.
Gyan Chakra (WC of IA) Think Tank Article on IAF Strategies past, present and future.
Strive Dialogue (CC of IA) Think Tank Discussion on IAF multi-national exercises
Observers Research Foundation (ORF) Think Tank Global wars and lessons for Indian airpower
Indus International Research Foundation (IIRF) Think Tank Panellist – Theatre command in the Indian context

Article for the yearbook – combat aviation most essential least understood.

Panellist – Seminar on Indo-US Collaboration

Articles- Air power basics revisited

Fighter ac classification

Article-Renewed Impetus to Indo-Russia Relations

Article – Inculcating Safety Culture

Article – John Warden’s Air Power Thoughts
Asia Centre Bangalore Think Tank Member – talk on China
National Defence College (NDC) Military Institute Talks on China, Pakistan, and Afghanistan

Panellist – Future Application of Force – joint way ahead.
College of Air Warfare (CAW)

Editorial Board of CAW Journal

 Military Institute Talks (China, IAF, Airpower, leadership etc.),

Paper reviews (China, grey zone and Airpower, Hypersonic weapons, China military-civil fusion, etc.) and strategic exercise
 Flying Training Institute – Air Force Academy Military Institute Talks on leadership and motivation, Technology and air power
 Flying Training Institute – Bidar Military Institute Changing nature of warfare
 Flying Training Institute – Hakimpet Military Institute Dealing with two inimical neighbours.
 College of Defence Management Military Institute Talks on China, IAF, airpower, leadership etc.)
 Army War College Military Institute Talks on (China, Airpower, IAF etc.)
 College of Naval Warfare (CNW) Military Institute Talks on (Maritime air operations, Airpower and IAF)
 Defence Services Staff College (DSSC) Military Institute Talks on (Airpower, China, IAF, maritime air

Operations, etc.)

Non-Kinetic Warfare – Seminar and mentoring during exercise
 Western Air Command, IAF IAF Talk on China and Doklam
 Eastern Air Command, IAF IAF Webinar on China with CAPS – Joint Strategic Support Force, Article for Coffee Table Book
Southern Air Command IAF China in IOR, Maritime air ops
Training Command, IAF IAF Seminar on the 1971 War. Talk on Multilateralism.
HQ Maritime air ops IAF Future maritime air operations
Air Force Association IAF Article for Journal on HT-2 Aircraft, and Women Air Warriors
 HQ IDS HQ IDS Panellist – ICADS, AP vis-à-vis NKW
Talks at IAF Units, SDI, ASTE, BRDs (Pune & Delhi), Six squadron IAF Practical Leadership and Management, Ukraine conflict, IAF, Air power subjects
 ARTRAC, IA Army Panellist – Air power and MDW
 Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Government Advisor.
 Def Talks Video channel Video Interviews(Drone threat, IAF roles and tasks,

AP in GZ, Indigenisation, Theatre commands, collective security, S – 400, Ukraine War, air superiority, Space warfare, Life of a Fighter Pilot
 Lt Gen Gurmeet Singh Video channel Video Interview (China, IAF and leadership)
 Hum Hindustani Video channel Video Interview (China, Drone Threat)
Jaideep Saikia Journalist Panellist in Webinar on China
The Book Review & Literary Trust Literary Trust 5 Book Reviews
FPRC (Foreign Policy Research Centre) Research Institute Articles India’s relations with Russia, USA and China
ABP News Channel Commentaries (Republic Day and Air Force Day)
BBC (Jugal Purohit) News Channel Interview on Balakot
CNN News Channel Video bytes – UFO sighting at Imphal airport
India TV News Channel Interview on Balakot, IAF Capability building
NDTV (Vishnu Som) News Channel Interview (Rafale)
Sansad TV News Channel Interview
India Today News Channel Interview on Balakot

Interview on China Threat & Indian Military Preparedness.

RD Commentary

Panel discussion on Tejas Mk IA
TV9 Bharatvarsh News Channel Video bytes on the TEJAS program, the Israel-Hamas war, the Astra Missile, a New airfield in Pakistan, Nyoma airfield, and the Launch of 50 satellites. Video bytes on SU-30 aircraft.
DD News News Channel Aero India 2023

Interview on Tejas aircraft
Eurasian Times News Channel Inputs on fighter aircraft procurement

Chinese J-31 for Pakistan

Dragon at Shigatse

Kargil War
Sputnik News Russia News Channel Interview on Defence contracts, inputs on Air Defence, S-400 and BMD.
Bharat TV Now News Channel Advisor

Discussion on Israel-Hamas war
News Analytics Online Forum Article on Russia-Ukraine War, China’s military reorganisation, IAF challenges & future trajectory.
Dept of East Asian Studies, DU University Panel Discussion: Modernisation of the Chinese Military
Rashtriya Raksha University University Talk: PLAAF and its modernisation.
UPES – University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (Dehradun) University Talk on Practical leadership and management during

FDP – Faculty Development Program
JNU University Talk on China
Fletcher South Asia society University India’s defence preparedness in a new environment.
Vels University, Chennai University Chief guest, talk on airpower, technology and motivation, Podcast
Hindustan University, Chennai University Keynote address – “International Conference on Autonomous Airborne Systems(ICAAS-2023)”
Christ University, Bangalore University Motivational Talk
Reva University University Track two Dialogue, Panellist – Indo – Russia Relations
IIT Hyderabad University Panellist – Technology in Defence Services.
Alliance University University Technology in the Defence Sector
VJTI (Mumbai) College Motivational talk during the tech festival
Stanley College (Hyderabad) College Motivational talk during college festival
BITS Pilani (Goa) College Motivational talk during college festival
IIT (Delhi) College Study on bullet-resistant Material
Punjab Engineering College Chandigarh College Life in IAF, leadership and motivation
GEMS B School College Convocation motivational Address
ICFAI – Indian Chartered Financial Analysts Institute Institute India, Pakistan and China
Empowerment Talks Motivational group Motivational Talk
White Canvas India Education company Chief Guest at India’s top 20 under 20. (2021 and 2022)

Chief Guest for Book launch – Yes, we did

Chief Guest for Young CEO workshop at Gurukul & Ryan International.
BCG – Boston Consulting Company Consultation Firm Consultation on C4ISR
The Brand Called You Media Tech global platform Interview
Cognet Integrated Business Solutions Corporate Talk on Good working Environment.
YPO – Young President’s Organisation Corporate Interaction – India, Pakistan, China.
Embryonic Foundation NGO Defence dialogue interview and interaction
MH Cockpits Aviation courses Chief guest, talk on airpower, technology and motivation, Podcast
Blue sky podcasts Podcasts Journey through IAF
Between US (Santosh Kumar) Podcast Leadership, geopolitics, airpower and security
Locomotive welfare association Welfare Association Chief guest and motivational talk.
Youth Parliament / Chatra Sansad Youth Organisation Motivational talk on discipline and tolerance.
Byjus Education Company Live Project on how does an aeroplane fly.
Bangalore International Centre Social Organisation Talk on “The Future of Conflict in an Asian Context”
SpkWthGrv Talk Show Life in IAF
BIAG India (International Aviation Games Board) Board Talk on Drones
Gurukul

Ryan International

The Scindia School, Gwalior

 Schools Chief guest during young CEO workshop – Motivational talk
New Horizon, Bangalore

TAFS, Delhi

 School Motivational Talk
Destination India National Journal Article: “Airpower in Indian Context” in the special issue – Defence matters.
Peace Prints South Asian Journal Women in Armed Forces: Prospects and Challenges.
SP Aviation Journal Article on Future trends of fighter aircraft.

 

Enjoyed researching topics related to defence, security, geo-politics, technology, leadership and management etc. The posts were interspersed with some humour and quotes.

 

Looking forward to your continued

Support, Readership and Encouragement.

 

 

CREDITS:-

The credit for starting the blog goes to my course mate and friend Col Murali. He provided me the space, encouraged me and held my hand initially.

Very encouraging message from Murli:-

Air Marshal Anil Khosla has had an amazing career in the Indian Air Force. He is one of those rare warriors blessed with the right mix of a soldier and a scholar; a true Scholar-Warrior.

His blog (“Air Marshal’s Perspective”) posts are brimming with strategic insights and are a goldmine for any student of Air Warfare. Yet, they are also refreshingly straightforward, making them equally appealing to a simple soldier, empowering them with practical knowledge. I am truly in awe of Anil’s unwavering dedication, consistently posting for the past four years, culminating in an astounding 500-plus posts today. His commitment is truly inspiring and commands respect.

Here, I would like to mention how it all started. It was the year 2016, and Dec 16th was the much-awaited reunion day for the 55th course NDA. To compile the phone numbers and addresses of our coursemates, I created a simple page on a free website platform. It was a kind of fun activity; nothing very serious. One thing led to the other, and today, we have our portal 55nda.com, which hosts Anil Khosla’s blog. As a self-styled, self-taught infantry soldier, I didn’t expect the site to get much traction. Today, I must say it is Anil Khosla’s blog hosting 55nda.com. That’s where all the hits come.

The poet-philosopher in Anil is seen in the posts classified as “Shiqurdu”, a thought-provoking verse in a mix of Hindi and Urdu. All posts are neatly classified into different categories, which is a treasure trove for any student of Air Power. My best wishes to Anil to reach higher and higher; the sky has no limit.

 

Credit also goes to another course mate Vicky Sheorey for getting me all the equipment needed for video conference and recordings.

 

 

 

AIR MARSHAL ANIL KHOSLA (RETD) 

PVSM AVSM VM

 

  • Indian Air Force Veteran: Former Vice Chief of Air Staff (VCAS) Indian Air Force.

 

  • Born on 09 Apr 1959, commissioned on 14 Dec 1979 and retired on 30 Apr 2019.

 

  • Air Marshal Anil Khosla, a distinguished alumnus of the National Defence Academy, was commissioned in the fighter stream of the Indian Air Force. His career, marked by over 4,000 hours of accident-free flying, is a testament to his exceptional skills and dedication. His expertise on various aircraft, including the Jaguar, Mig-21, and Kiran, and his proficiency in both Ground attack and Air Defence roles, particularly in the maritime role, set him apart in the Indian Air Force.

 

  • Awards. Air Marshal Anil Khosla’s distinguished service has been recognized with three presidential awards: the Param Vishisht Seva Medal, the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal, and the Vayu Sena Medal. His commendation by the CAS and the AOC-in-C during the flying training period as a cadet further underscores his exceptional service and dedication to the Indian Air Force.

 

  • Air Marshal Anil Khosla is a post-graduate from the Defence Services Staff College. He is an A2 category flying instructor and a fighter strike leader. His academic prowess is evident from his standing first in the order of merit in all the attended courses, including the Flying Instructor Course, Fighter Strike Leaders Course, Junior Command Course, and Staff Course. He was awarded the commandant’s medal during the Higher Command Course at Army War College and has attended the Senior Defence Management course at the College of Defence Management and the course at National Defence College, further solidifying his academic and professional achievements.

 

While in Service:

  • During his service, Air Marshal Anil Khosla played a pivotal role in the DOKLAM operations against China and the BALAKOT strike against Pakistan. His leadership and strategic acumen were instrumental in these operations, further solidifying his reputation in the Indian Air Force.

 

  • At higher ranks, Air Marshal Anil Khosla held pivotal appointments that underscored his leadership and strategic acumen. These include serving as the VCAS (Vice Chief of Air Staff), AOC-in-C (Air officer Commanding – in – Chief) Eastern Air Command, Director General Air Operations (DGAO), Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO) Central Air Command, Air Officer Commanding J&K (along with NC of Army), and AOC Maritime air operations (Along with Navy). His contributions in these roles have been instrumental in shaping the Indian Air Force’s operations and strategies.

 

  • Throughout his career, Air Marshal Anil Khosla has served in all the operational commands of the IAF in all sectors. He has commanded two important operational Bases, Ambala and Jaisalmer, which provided him with a comprehensive understanding of the operational aspects of the Indian Air Force.

 

  • He has worked extensively with the Army and Navy and has been associated with several Government Ministries and agencies, including NTRO, DRDO, ISRO, NDMA and defence PSUs.

 

  • He was Involved with formulating Air Force War Plans, Force structure planning and capability building.

 

  • He has handled (planned, monitored and executed) several internal and international Exercises and Disaster Relief situations, both within the country and abroad.

 

Academic: He Holds Two MPhil degrees in defence and strategic studies and is pursuing research on China (how does Dragon’s brain work).

  • He has delivered talks on military subjects like Leadership, China, Pakistan, Air Power, maritime air operations, and IAF in military academic institutions, including the National Defence College (NDC), College of Air Warfare (CAW), Army War College (AWC), College of Naval Warfare (CNW), College of Defence Management (CDM), and Defence Services Staff College (DSSC).

 

  • He has been a distinguished fellow at the United Services Institute (USI) and the Centre of Air Power Studies (CAPS). On the College of Air Warfare Journal and CAPS Journal (Blue Yonder) editorial board. Strategic Advisor – Aerospace and Defence division of the Synergia Foundation, Advisor Indus International Research Foundation. Instructor at Peninsula Foundation and worked with several think tanks and organisations.

 

  • Academic work includes written papers (on air power, geopolitics, and security issues), the Conduct of Strategic Exercises, book reviews, mentoring, and motivational talks.

 

Hobbies and Interests:-

  • A Keen Golfer, Billiards, Snooker and Pool player.
  • His favourite pastime is puzzle solving, which he has pursued up to the National level (13 times Sudoku nationals and 04 times Puzzle-solving nationals).

Email: khuski@gmail.com

Blog:  http://55nda.com/blogs/anil-khosla/

https://55nda.com/blogs/anil-khosla/subscribe/

YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@anilkhosla15871

Social Media Handles

Linkedin:    https://www.linkedin.com/in/anil-khosla-6848a5179/

Twitter:      https://twitter.com/AnilKhosla16

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/anil.khosla.733076

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/anil.khosla.733076/

Discord:     Anil#7748

 

Suggestions and value additions are most welcome.

 

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References and credits

To all the online sites and channels.

 

Disclaimer:

Information and data included in the blog are for educational & non-commercial purposes only and have been carefully adapted, excerpted, or edited from reliable and accurate sources. All copyrighted material belongs to respective owners and is provided only for wider dissemination.

 

 

 

Posted on

504: HELLSCAPE VS DRAGONSCAPE: BATTLE OF AUTONOMOUS MACHINES

 

 

 

My Article published on the Newsanalytics Journal

 

 

China’s rise as a global power is multifaceted, encompassing economic growth, technological advancements, military modernisation, and increasing geopolitical influence. However, in some ways, the Chinese seem to be in a medieval thought process. Their aspirations are guided by the principle that “a strong empire expands and a weaker empire shrinks”. China’s expansionist strategies are driven by securing its national interests, asserting its status as a global power, and reshaping the international order, favouring its long-term strategic goals. These efforts, however, lead to tensions and pushback from other nations, contributing to a complex and often contentious international environment.

 

One China Policy. The “One China Policy” is a cornerstone of diplomatic relations between China and other countries. It asserts that there is only one China, and Taiwan is an inseparable part of it. This policy is crucial to understanding China’s foreign relations, particularly with the United States and other Western countries. Beijing regards Taiwan as part of China to be reunited at any cost. Taiwan has developed a distinct identity with a democratic political system, vibrant civil society, and robust economy, differing significantly from mainland China. Taiwan seeks peaceful relations with mainland China but resists unification under the terms proposed by Beijing. Many Taiwanese prefer maintaining the status quo rather than pursuing formal independence or unification. The One China Policy is a sensitive issue in U.S.-China relations. The U.S. acknowledges the One China Policy but maintains ties with Taiwan through the Taiwan Relations Act (1979), allowing commercial, cultural, and other exchanges. The US is the island’s biggest supplier of arms. In recent years, tensions have escalated due to factors such as the PRC’s military activities near Taiwan, increased U.S. support for Taiwan, and Taiwan’s efforts to gain greater international recognition.

 

Unification Plans. China is increasingly getting ready for the unification of Taiwan. It is reported that Beijing has increased its defence budget in recent years and is the second highest behind the US. China is building its military and nuclear arsenal at a rapid pace. PLA has commissioned over 400 new fighter jets and 20 warships in the last few years and doubled its ballistic and cruise missile inventory. China is also building a fourth amphibious landing craft. Xi has called for China to build a “world-class military” by 2027 when the PLA marks 100 years since its founding. These signs suggest the country is sticking to its ambitions of reuniting the self-ruled island with China “by force if necessary.”

 

Salami Slicing and Cabbage Strategy. China believes in Sun Tzu’s philosophy of subduing the enemy without fighting. It prefers salami-slicing rather than overt aggression, i.e., gaining strategic advantage through a steady progression of small actions. It limits adversaries’ options by baffling their plans and making it problematic for them to develop a response. Beijing will continue to apply military and economic pressure and public messaging and influence activities while promoting long-term cross-strait economic and social integration to induce Taiwan to move toward unification. PLA also uses the “cabbage strategy” to seize control of islands. This strategy involves surrounding and wrapping the island in successive layers of Chinese naval ships, China Coast Guard ships, and fishing boats and cutting off the island from outside support.

 

Grey Zone Activities. Beijing’s recent military and ‘grey-zone’ manoeuvres near Taiwan have raised the spectre of a potential conflict. These actions include repeated war games, simulations, combat training, aerial and sea incursions, and encirclement of the island nation. The Chinese forces have conducted military drills around Taiwan and claim that they can impose and maintain a blockade on an island using different types of drones. At the same time, the warships and submarines prowled the surrounding waters. The Chinese actions prompted the USA to announce its new strategy dubbed “Hellscape.”

 

 

US Hellscape Strategy. The strategy assumes that China, learning from the Russian stalemate in the Ukraine war, will launch a mass drone and missile attack to overwhelm Taiwan with little warning. In this scenario, when the Chinese invasion fleet moves out from its ports to sail towards Taiwan to cross the 100-mile (160-kilometre) wide Taiwan Straits, the US military will flood the waterway with thousands of swarm unmanned underwater and surface vessels, apart from kamikaze drones and loitering munitions. The intention is to turn the Taiwan Strait into an unmanned hellscape, making the life of the invading Chinese fleet miserable, to harass, distract, and delay them, creating a barrier and buying crucial time for the U.S. and its allies to respond. The recent Ukrainian strategy inspires this strategy, but the US will use a lot of artificial intelligence and machine learning to detect, identify, and harass the Chinese ships crossing the straits. The US plans to deploy many cheap, unmanned drones across multiple domains—air, sea, and land. The drones are designed to function autonomously, even in environments with limited or disrupted communications, and succeed independently on the battlefield. The idea is to counter China’s advantage of mass (i.e., ships, missiles, and drones) with smarter mass, creating an asymmetric advantage.

 

Replicator Programme. The US has already started to work on its hellscape strategy plan. The US Department of Defense (DoD) has given a billion dollars to a program called “Replicator.” This program will build swarms of thousands of UUVs, USVs, and loitering munitions within the next two years. These cost-effective, dependable drones would be produced close to the battlefield at a fraction of the cost of traditional weapons systems. The targeting data across the theatre is also being integrated through the Assault Breaker II programme of the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).

 

 

The strategy of Mass vs Smarter Mass. The United States military strategy often incorporates overwhelming force (mass) and advanced technology, which can create a “hellscape” for adversaries. This approach leverages the U.S.’s technological edge and substantial military resources to achieve rapid and decisive victories in conflicts. In this case, China is no pushover and has comparable technological prowess. The success of their respective strategies would depend on technologically advanced autonomous platforms. It is bound to create an arms race between the two camps. The strategy’s success also relies on the speed of subsequent response by the US and its allies.

 

Ramifications. Taiwan is in a crucial geopolitical location in East Asia, making it a significant point of interest for regional and global powers. The USA’s Hellscape strategy and the Chinese plan to counter it have stimulated a “war of words” with a highly contentious and hostile exchange of rhetoric and aggressive, inflammatory, and vitriolic language. A potential war over Taiwan would indeed be complex and potentially catastrophic, with far-reaching consequences for the involved parties and the world.

 

    • The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is one of the world’s largest and rapidly modernising militaries. A conflict involving China would likely involve advanced weaponry, cyber warfare, and significant military assets. Taiwan has a well-equipped and highly motivated military, with substantial investments in defence technologies and support from allies like the United States. The U.S. has a longstanding commitment to Taiwan’s defence through the Taiwan Relations Act. Any conflict would likely draw in U.S. military forces and other regional allies, escalating the situation.

 

    • Taiwan is a major global technology and manufacturing player, particularly in semiconductors. A conflict could disrupt international supply chains and have severe economic repercussions worldwide. The economies of East Asia are highly interconnected, and a war could destabilise the entire region.

 

    • Both sides will likely engage in cyber warfare, targeting critical infrastructure, communication networks, and financial systems, which could have widespread and long-lasting effects.

 

    • While less likely, any escalation involving nuclear-armed states like the United States and China carries the risk of a nuclear confrontation, which would have devastating consequences.

 

 

Suggestions and value additions are most welcome.

 

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References and credits

To all the online sites and channels.

  1. Swarajya Staff, “Can China Counter United States’ ‘Hellscape’ Plan When Invading Taiwan?” Swarajya website, 13 Jun 2024.
  1. FP Staff, ”What is the ‘Hellscape’ strategy the US is planning to use on China if it invades Taiwan?” First Post website, 11 Jun 2024.
  1. Keoni Everington, “US plans ‘hellscape’ of drones if China invades Taiwan”, Taiwan News website, 11 Jun 2024.
  1. John Grady, “‘Hellscape’ Swarms Could Be as Cost Effective Taiwan Defense”, USNI News, 02 July 2024.
  1. Joe Saballa, “China ‘on Track’ for Potential Taiwan Invasion by 2027”, The Defence Post website, 22 Mar 2024.
  1. Jesse Johnson, “China on track to be ready to invade Taiwan by 2027,” The Japan Times website, 21 March 2024.
  1. Abhinav Singh, “China plans to use drones to blockade Taiwan after the US unveils ‘Hellscape’ strategy”, Wion website, 07 Jul 2024.
  1. Ujjwal Shrotryia, “US Has A Nasty Surprise For China If It Tries To Invade Taiwan — Hellscape”, Swarajya website, 11 Jun 24.

 

Disclaimer:

Information and data included in the blog are for educational & non-commercial purposes only and have been carefully adapted, excerpted, or edited from reliable and accurate sources. All copyrighted material belongs to respective owners and is provided only for wider dissemination.