Category: drones

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556: LOYAL WINGMAN CONCEPT: REDEFINING AIR COMBAT (India’s Strategic Entry in the Program)

 

Pic Courtesy Net

 

My Article published on the EurasiaTimes website on 11 Dec 24.

 

The “Loyal Wingman” concept refers to an innovative approach in military aviation where autonomous or semi-autonomous drones or unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) work in tandem with piloted aircraft to perform various support and combat missions. These drones act as “wingmen” to human pilots, providing increased situational awareness, expanding mission capabilities, and reducing the risk to human pilots by taking on more dangerous or complex tasks.

 

Roles, Tasks and Missions. Loyal wingmen can perform numerous roles, tasks and missions. They can conduct ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) missions, gathering real-time data and electronic jamming to disrupt enemy communications, radar, or defence systems. They can carry out precision strikes against enemy targets or act as decoys to draw enemy fire, helping protect manned aircraft. They can also provide additional defensive cover to the manned flights, using onboard sensors to detect incoming threats such as missiles or hostile aircraft.

 

Advantages. The Loyal Wingman concept offers numerous advantages across various aspects of military operations. Multiple drones working in tandem with a manned platform allow one pilot to manage more assets, effectively increasing the overall combat power without needing additional manned aircraft. They allow a more aggressive approach without fear of losing expensive manned aircraft or risking human lives.  Loyal wingmen are often equipped with advanced sensors and communication systems, allowing them to gather and share real-time intelligence with the manned aircraft. This increases the pilot’s situational awareness by providing additional eyes on the battlefield, detecting threats, and providing early warning of incoming dangers.  Their modular design allows for rapid reconfiguration based on mission requirements and is more cost-effective.

 

Technology Enablers. The Loyal Wingman concept relies on various advanced technologies to enable autonomous drones to work alongside manned aircraft in combat operations. These technologies ensure that drones can perform tasks efficiently. AI enables Loyal Wingman drones to operate independently or semi-autonomously, making real-time decisions without constant human input. AI also allows for coordination between multiple drones and manned aircraft. Loyal Wingman drones have advanced sensors that gather data across multiple spectrums, as well as secure communications and data links. Advanced navigation systems allow them to operate in environments where GPS signals may be jammed or unavailable. Many Loyal Wingman drones are designed with low radar cross-sections (RCS), infrared suppression, and other stealth features to reduce their visibility to enemy radar and sensors. An intuitive Human-Machine interface, including voice commands, graphical interfaces, or augmented reality (AR) systems, is crucial for operational success.

 

Loyal Wingman Projects Under Development

 

Several nations and defence organisations worldwide are actively developing the Loyal Wingman concept.

 

Boeing Airpower Teaming System (ATS). The Boeing Airpower Teaming System (ATS) is a ground breaking unmanned combat aircraft developed by Boeing in collaboration with the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). It is designed with advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomy. This allows the ATS to coordinate with manned aircraft such as the F/A-18 Super Hornet, F-35 Lightning II, or other fighter jets. The ATS can operate independently or under minimal human supervision, making real-time decisions based on mission objectives, threats, and the battlefield environment.  One of the ATS’s most innovative aspects is its modular payload design. The ATS is designed to minimise its radar signature, making it more difficult for enemy forces to detect and engage. Its high speed enables it to keep up with manned fighter jets and effectively perform coordinated operations. The ATS conducted its first successful flight in March 2021, marking a significant milestone in developing unmanned teaming technology.

 

Skyborg. Skyborg is an ambitious program developed by the United States Air Force (USAF) to create a family of autonomous, unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) that can operate alongside manned aircraft, functioning as “loyal wingmen” and performing a wide range of missions. The Skyborg initiative is part of the broader USAF vision of developing low-cost, expendable unmanned systems to complement manned aircraft like the F-35 Lightning II, F-22 Raptor, and other next-generation platforms. The core of the Skyborg program is the development of a robust autonomy core system (ACS)—a sophisticated AI platform that allows UAVs to fly and fight with little to no human input. The Skyborg program involves partnerships with several aerospace and defence companies, including Boeing, Kratos Defense, General Atomics, and Northrop Grumman, developing different UAV platforms to test Skyborg’s AI capabilities. These companies provide the hardware and airframes, while the USAF focuses on integrating the AI systems. One of the most notable platforms associated with Skyborg is the Kratos XQ-58A Valkyrie, an unmanned aerial vehicle considered a key candidate for Skyborg operations. Other platforms, like the General Atomics MQ-20 Avenger and Boeing ATS (Airpower Teaming System), are also being tested for Skyborg’s AI-driven operations. The first successful flight of a Skyborg-equipped drone took place in April 2021, when the autonomy core system was tested on a Kratos Valkyrie UAV. This marked a significant milestone in demonstrating the AI’s ability to operate autonomously, navigate, and perform essential mission functions without human intervention. The Skyborg program represents a crucial shift in the USAF’s approach to air combat, emphasising the importance of autonomous systems in future warfare.

 

Kratos XQ-58A Valkyrie. The Kratos XQ-58A Valkyrie is an experimental unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) developed by Kratos Defense & Security Solutions for the United States Air Force (USAF) as part of its Low-Cost Attritable Aircraft Technology (LCAAT) initiative. The XQ-58A is designed to function as a “loyal wingman,” supporting manned aircraft by performing various missions autonomously or under human supervision. It aims to offer a low-cost, expendable option for future combat scenarios. The XQ-58A Valkyrie is designed to operate in various roles alongside manned aircraft, such as the F-35 or F-22. The Valkyrie flew in March 2019 at Yuma Proving Ground in Arizona. Since then, it has undergone several test flights, demonstrating its ability to fly autonomously, deploy weapons, and work in tandem with manned aircraft. The ongoing development is focused on further integrating the aircraft into USAF operations and exploring its full range of mission capabilities. The project aligns with the Skyborg program.

 

Future Combat Air System (FCAS) Loyal Wing Man Project of Europe. The Future Combat Air System (FCAS) is a major European defence initiative to develop a next-generation air combat capability. It involves several countries, primarily France, Germany, and Spain. It focuses on integrating advanced technologies into a new family of systems that will replace the ageing fleets of fighter aircraft, such as the Eurofighter Typhoon and Dassault Rafale. A vital aspect of the FCAS is the development of loyal wingman drones designed to work alongside manned fighter jets. The FCAS project was officially launched in 2017. The program envisions a network of systems, often called the “system of systems,” that can communicate and operate together in a complex battlefield environment. The FCAS program is structured in phases. The goal is to have a prototype of the next-generation fighter by the mid-2030s. According to recent updates, the FCAS program continues to evolve, with ongoing discussions about integrating technologies and the roles of various nations in the project.

 

Loyal Wing Man Project Flygplan 2020 of Sweden. The Loyal Wingman Project in Sweden, known as Flygplan 2020 (or Airplane 2020), is an initiative to develop an advanced unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that will operate alongside Sweden’s manned fighter jets, mainly the Saab JAS 39 Gripen. The Flygplan 2020 project is being developed with various partners, including defence industry stakeholders, research institutions, and the Swedish Armed Forces. Saab, a leading aerospace and defence company, plays a crucial role in the project, leveraging its aircraft design and development expertise. The Flygplan 2020 project incorporates cutting-edge technologies, including advanced avionics, communications systems, and data fusion capabilities. While specific timelines for the Flygplan 2020 project may vary, the development of loyal wingman capabilities is expected to progress in line with advancements in drone technology and changing defence needs.

 

Russia’s Loyal Wing Man. Like other nations, Russia is also pursuing the development of the Loyal Wingman system. The Okhotnik-B is a stealthy unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) developed by Sukhoi. It is designed for various roles, including reconnaissance and precision strikes. The Okhotnik-B features a flying wing design for reduced radar signature and is intended to operate in conjunction with manned aircraft, such as the Su-57 fighter jet. The Orion drone is designed for reconnaissance and strike missions. While not a traditional Loyal Wingman platform, its capabilities align with the concept by enabling it to operate alongside manned fighters and support them in various roles. Russian Loyal Wingman systems prioritise stealth capabilities, with designs that minimise radar cross-section and infrared signatures.  Russia also aims to develop UCAVs that can operate autonomously or semi-autonomously. While Russia has made strides in developing Loyal Wingman systems, it faces challenges in achieving the same technological sophistication as in some other systems.

 

China’s Loyal Wingman. China has significantly advanced in developing its own Loyal Wingman systems. The CH-7 is an unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) developed by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC). The CH-7 features stealthy design elements, advanced avionics, and a modular payload system, making it capable of operating alongside manned aircraft in combat scenarios. While primarily recognised as a reconnaissance and strike drone, the Wing Loong series (e.g., Wing Loong II) showcases capabilities that align with the Loyal Wingman concept. Another notable UCAV, the GJ-11, is designed with stealth features and advanced avionics. These drones are designed to coordinate with manned platforms. Chinese Loyal Wingman systems, like Russian systems, are designed to focus on low observability. China is heavily investing in AI technologies to enhance the autonomy of its Loyal Wingman systems. These drones are expected to operate semi-autonomously or autonomously, making real-time decisions during missions and adapting to changing battlefield conditions. China actively seeks to export its UAV technologies. China’s Loyal Wingman systems are expected to play a significant role in its military strategy and regional power projection.

 

Indian HAL’s CATS.

 

 

HAL CATS (Combat Air Teaming System) is an advanced unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) program being developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in collaboration with other Indian defence agencies. The program is part of India’s effort to develop indigenous drone technologies capable of operating alongside manned aircraft. HAL CATS aligns with the growing global trend of integrating unmanned systems with traditional fighter jets through Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T). The CATS program includes multiple drone systems and components that work synergistically with manned aircraft, particularly with India’s HAL Tejas Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) and other future platforms. CATS’ key elements include the following:-

 

    • CATS Warrior. The CATS Warrior is a loyal wingman UAV designed to fly alongside manned fighter jets, like the HAL Tejas. It can operate autonomously or under the direction of the manned aircraft, performing tasks such as reconnaissance, surveillance, and strike missions. The CATS Warrior will be armed with precision-guided munitions and can take on enemy targets independently or in support of manned aircraft. Its design focuses on being stealthy, agile, and capable of engaging in high-risk environments where manned platforms might face significant threats.

 

    • CATS Hunter. CATS Hunter is a high-speed drone designed to act as a cruise missile capable of long-range precision strikes. It can be deployed from manned aircraft or larger UAVs and is intended for missions that require attacking heavily defended or high-value targets. It will carry advanced payloads such as precision-guided bombs and can strike enemy radar installations, command centers, and other critical infrastructure.

 

    • CATS Alpha. CATS Alpha is a smaller, swarming drone working in groups to overwhelm enemy defences. These drones can be deployed in large numbers from manned or unmanned platforms to perform a variety of missions, including reconnaissance, electronic warfare, and decoy operations. The idea is for CATS Alpha to create confusion and disrupt enemy systems, allowing manned and larger unmanned platforms to penetrate deeper into contested areas.

 

    • CATS Infinity. CATS Infinity is a long-range, high-altitude drone designed for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions. It will operate at high altitudes for extended periods, providing continuous data to ground commanders and manned aircraft. CATS Infinity will likely monitor large areas, gather intelligence on enemy movements, and support strike planning by providing real-time data.

 

The HAL CATS program represents a significant step for India in developing indigenous unmanned combat systems. With increasing threats from neighbouring adversaries and a push to modernise India’s air force, CATS is crucial in bolstering the country’s aerial defence and combat capabilities. As autonomous systems become more sophisticated, HAL CATS could form the backbone of India’s future air warfare strategy. Complementing manned platforms like the Tejas and future fighters would provide a flexible, powerful, and resilient air force capable of handling modern combat challenges.

 

Your valuable comments are most welcome.

 

Link to the published article:

https://www.eurasiantimes.com/bodyguards-of-future-fighter-jets/

 

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References and credits

To all the online sites and channels.

References:

    1. Bradley Perrett “Design of Boeing’s loyal wingman gives clues about performance and roles”, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, 18 Nov 2021.
    1. Greg Hadley, “Wildly Successful’ Skyborg Will Become Program of Record but Won’t Stop Developing S&T”, Air & Space Forces Magazine, 16 Aug 2022.
    1. KRATOS Defence, https://www.kratosdefense.com/systems-and-platforms/unmanned-systems/aerial/tactical-uavs
    1. “Europe’s Competing Future Combat Air Systems”, EDR Magazine, 59 September-October 2021.
    1. Thomas Newdick, “This Is Saab’s Concept For A Supersonic, Stealthy Loyal Wingman Drone”, The War Zone, 09 Feb 2024.
    1. Thomas Newdick, “Russia’s Aspirational Grom Combat Drone’s Design Totally Changes, Ditches Stealth For Speed”, The War Zone, 13 Aug 2024.
    1. Seong Hyeon Choi, “China’s GJ-11 stealth drone sightings hint at future role as fighter jet ‘wingmen’”, SCMP, 15 Sep 2024.
    1. Prasad Gore, “Decoding HAL CATS Program” Defence XP, 06 Feb 2021.
    1. Insinna Valerie, “Emerging Technology in the Air Force: The Skyborg and Loyal Wingman Programs.” Defense News, 2023.
    1. “Boeing Loyal Wingman Uncrewed Aircraft Completes First Flight.” Boeing Media Release, March 2, 2021.
    1. Dr Jean-Marc Rickli, Head, Global and Emerging Security Risk, Geneva Centre for Security Policy, Switzerland, “Human-Machine Teaming in Artificial Intelligence-Driven Air Power: Future Challenges and Opportunities for the Air Force”. The Air Power Journal, Second Edition (2022).
    1. Jing Lei, Jia-Qing Song, Yan-Yan Zhu, “Analysis of the “Loyal Wingman” Technology of UAV Cooperative Operation”, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES), Volume 12 Issue 3 ǁ March 2024.

Disclaimer:

Information and data included in the blog are for educational & non-commercial purposes only and have been carefully adapted, excerpted, or edited from reliable and accurate sources. All copyrighted material belongs to respective owners and is provided only for wider dissemination.

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555: PREVIEWING AERO INDIA 2025: EXPECTED ATTRACTIONS

 

 

Wrote this article for the Media

 

 

Air shows are events where aviation enthusiasts, industry professionals, and the general public gather to witness aerial displays and learn about the latest developments in aviation technology. These events typically combine trade exhibitions with public air displays. They include Aerobatic performances by military and civilian aircraft, demonstrations of fighter jets, helicopters, and commercial planes, static displays, trade exhibitions, and seminars. These air shows are a platform for launching new aircraft and technologies and promoting international aviation collaboration. Major international air shows include the Paris Air Show, Farnborough International Air Show (UK), Dubai Air Show (UAE), Singapore Air Show, MAKS Air Show (Russia), and Aero India.

 

Aero India, a global event for defence and aerospace stakeholders, is more than just a biennial air show and aerospace exhibition held at the Yelahanka Air Force Station in Bengaluru, India. It is a platform that unites the global aviation community, offering opportunities for collaboration and investment in the Indian defence sector. Organised by the Ministry of Defence, it is one of Asia’s most significant aerospace and defence events, showcasing both civilian and military aviation. The event includes displays by the Indian Air Force (IAF) and international aerobatic teams, static displays for public viewing, business exhibitions, seminars & conferences.

 

Building on the success of past editions, Aero India 2025 is set to be a landmark event. Scheduled from February 10 to 14, 2025, the event has already garnered significant interest, with over 240 exhibitors confirming their participation. The first three days will be dedicated to business visitors, providing a platform for fruitful collaborations, while the final two days will be open to the public, offering a unique opportunity to witness the latest advancements in the aerospace and defence sectors. The anticipation is palpable as the defence strategic community and journalists are already discussing the new attractions expected to be unveiled during the show.

 

Highlights of Aero India 2023

 

Aero India 2023 was held from February 13 to 17. The event’s theme was “The Runway to a Billion Opportunities.” The event showcased India’s growing defence manufacturing capabilities and promoted the “Make in India, Make for the World” initiative. Over 800 defence companies (exhibitors, businesses, investors, start-ups, and MSMEs) from 80 countries attended, including major global players like Airbus, Boeing, and Lockheed Martin. The event saw a footfall of over seven lakh visitors. The main highlights of the event were:-

 

    • 800+ companies participated (700 Indian and about 110 foreign companies). The major exhibitors included Airbus, Boeing, Dassault Aviation, Lockheed Martin, Israel Aerospace Industry, BrahMos Aerospace, Army Aviation, HC Robotics, SAAB, Safran, Rolls Royce, Larsen & Toubro, Bharat Forge Limited, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL), and BEML Limited.

 

    • Defence Ministers from 32 countries, Air Chiefs from 29 countries, and 73 Chief Executive Officers of global and Indian original equipment manufacturers visited and participated in the event.

 

    • Approximately 250+ MoUs/partnerships worth more than Rs 75,000 Crore were finalised. About Rs 200 crore was pledged at the maiden iDEX Investor Hub (iIH).

 

    • India’s thrust was on self-reliance and Making in India. The intention was to enhance exports, encourage joint ventures and co-production, transfer technology, and project India as a cheaper and better option for a manufacturing hub.

 

    • The event aimed to integrate domestic MSMEs and start-ups in the global supply chain and attract foreign investments, including partnerships for co-development and co-production.

 

    • The event aimed to promote the export of indigenous air platforms like Light Combat Aircraft (LCA)-Tejas, HTT-40 trainer, Dornier Light Utility Helicopter (LUH), Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) and Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH).

 

    • The Russian presence was minimal, probably due to their preoccupation with the Russia–Ukraine war. On the other hand, the USA came with many aircraft, including F-35, F-16/F-21, F-18, and B-I Bombers.

 

 

Aero India 2025: Expected Attractions.

 

The air show will feature the latest advancements in civil, military, and space aviation, offering domestic and international companies a platform to showcase their innovations. Highlights include spectacular aerobatic performances, cutting-edge defence technologies, and industry presentations. Exhibition pavilions will highlight India’s growing role in defence innovation. The event will offer ample networking opportunities and business development platforms for stakeholders across the aerospace and defence sectors.

 

Self-Reliance and Aero India. Aero India showcases cutting-edge technologies and is a testament to India’s growing self-reliance in the defence sector. The event is crucial in advancing the Indian government’s ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ (Self-Reliant India) initiative, which aims to reduce import dependence and boost indigenous defence manufacturing. By highlighting India’s growing strength in defence manufacturing, Aero India instils a sense of pride and support for increasing self-reliance.

 

Showcasing Indigenous Technologies. Indian defence manufacturers (DPSUs and private sector) will actively participate in showcasing home-grown technologies. This is critical in demonstrating India’s growing capabilities in designing and manufacturing advanced defence equipment.

 

Collaborations and Partnerships. Aero India is a national event and a global platform for defence collaborations. It’s where Indian companies form joint ventures with international defence giants, fostering a sense of global community. Aero India facilitates international partnerships, supporting India’s goal of producing more defence equipment locally. Joint ventures with global giants like Lockheed Martin, Boeing, and Dassault Aviation help set up manufacturing facilities in India, aligning with the Make in India initiative. This reduces India’s reliance on imports and promotes local aircraft, parts, and avionics​production, strengthening our global standing in the aerospace and defence sectors.

​

Innovation and Research. Aero India would also highlight India’s investment in indigenous research and development (R&D). The event would underscore India’s technological advancements in defence that support national self-reliance, from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to advanced radar systems and missile technology.​ Indian firms’ increasing focus on designing and producing critical defence technologies locally will be showcased.

 

Export Opportunities. India proposes to export defence technologies, supporting self-reliance and strengthening its presence in the global defence market. Aero India will highlight the export potential of Indian-made defence products, like the Tejas fighter and advanced helicopters.

 

Foreign Aviation Companies Participation in Aero India. Aero India 2025 is expected to feature extensive participation from foreign aviation companies, continuing the strong international presence seen in previous editions. Major global defence manufacturers like Boeing, Dassault Aviation, Lockheed Martin, and Airbus are anticipated to return, showcasing advanced fighter jets such as the F-16, F-18, and Rafale. These companies are vying for multi-billion-dollar defence contracts with the Indian government, making Aero India a crucial negotiation platform. Additionally, foreign delegations from countries including the U.S., France, Israel, Russia, and others across Europe are expected. These firms will exhibit a variety of aerospace technologies, from advanced fighter jets and drones to cutting-edge avionics and defence systems.​

 

Russian Presence in Aero India 2025. The Russian presence in Aero India 2023 was minimal. However, in recent times, Russia has been pursuing the sale of its defence equipment with renewed vigour. Russia is expected to have a strong presence at Aero India 2025. Russia would aim to reinforce its commitment to Indo-Russian defence ties and potentially spark interest in future collaborations or technology transfers involving advanced aerospace systems.​ Additionally, there is speculation that Russia might showcase its Su-57E fifth-generation stealth fighter jet.

 

Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). During Aero India 2025, the DRDO is expected to showcase its latest advancements in defence technology. DRDO may present its latest advancements in UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), missile systems such as Akash-NG and Astra, and cutting-edge technologies supporting India’s hypersonic and space-defence initiatives. The exhibition would also focus on future-ready technologies such as hypersonic weapons, stealth technologies, and artificial intelligence-based defence systems. DRDO’s collaboration with the private sector to boost defence exports will also be a key theme​.

 

Indian Defence PSU Participation in Aero India. Aero India 2025 will witness strong participation from India’s Defence Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs), including Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL), and others. These PSUs will showcase their latest advancements in Indigenous aerospace and defence technologies, supporting the government’s “Atmanirbhar Bharat” initiative. HAL, in particular, will focus on promoting export opportunities for the Tejas Light Combat Aircraft and helicopter platforms. Expect advanced radar systems, electronic warfare equipment, and communication technologies from BEL. It might also highlight AI-driven defence solutions and smart battlefield management systems. BDL will likely feature missile systems, including indigenous surface-to-air and anti-tank guided missiles. Given the increasing focus on multi-domain operations, companies like Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders and Garden Reach Shipbuilders may promote naval platforms.

 

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is the key PSU in promoting Made in India products, such as the Tejas Light Combat Aircraft and Light Utility Helicopter (LUH). These platforms not only demonstrate Indian engineering and technological prowess but also enhance defence capabilities by reducing reliance on foreign suppliers.​ HAL is expected to showcase a wide range of aerospace innovations, and it generally showcases and announces its new projects and updates the progress of the previous ones. An update on the progress of India’s indigenous fighter aircraft projects, i.e. Tejas Mk II and fifth generation AMCA, by HAL and Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) would be expected. Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Dhruv, LCH (Light Combat Helicopter) Prachand, and the HTT-40 trainer aircraft will likely feature prominently. HAL’s progress on its CATS Program and the indigenous fighter aircraft engine project (by GTRE), will also be eagerly awaited.

 

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). There would be a significant focus on drones, swarms and autonomous systems. These will likely include military and civilian UAVs, with applications ranging from defence reconnaissance to logistics and disaster management. Considering the increased role of drones in air warfare, drone display and air display of armed drones may also be included.

 

iDEX in Aero India 2025. During Aero India 2025, the Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) initiative is expected to have a significant presence, building on its success from previous editions. iDEX serves as a platform to connect startups and innovators with the Indian defence ecosystem, aiming to foster innovation in defence technology. In 2023, the iDEX pavilion showcased numerous startups and facilitated the maiden iDEX Investor Hub, where over ₹200 crores were pledged to support defence-related innovations. For 2025, iDEX will likely continue promoting startups through its exclusive pavilion, hosting innovation challenges, and encouraging partnerships between defence firms and new ventures. This will include networking opportunities, demonstrations of new technologies, and potentially another round of the iDEX Investor Hub to attract funding.

 

Air Display. Air Display during Aero India. Aero India 2025 will feature thrilling aerial displays by Indian and international aerobatic teams and military aircraft. Performances from the Indian Air Force (IAF) would likely include Sukhoi Su-30MKI and Rafale jets demonstrating combat manoeuvres, Tejas Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) showcasing its agility and advanced capabilities, and Helicopter displays by the Light Utility Helicopter (LUH). Air Display would have the Surya Kiran Aerobatic Team flying Hawk Mk132 aircraft, providing breath-taking formations, and the Sarang team performing aerobatic manoeuvres with HAL Dhruv helicopters. Aircraft from global manufacturers like the F-16, Rafale, and Eurofighter Typhoons may also be seen in the Indian skies.

 

The countdown to Aero India 2025 has begun. With a diverse array of attractions, including live aerobatic displays, the unveiling of new projects, and innovations from the iDEX Pavilion, the event will highlight India’s growing prominence in the global defence sector. It promises to foster collaboration between international and domestic stakeholders, providing opportunities for business growth, knowledge exchange, and technological advancement. Aero India 2025 is poised to celebrate innovation and strengthen India’s position as a key player in the global aerospace industry.

 

Your valuable comments are most welcome.

 

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References and credits

To all the online sites and channels.

 

Disclaimer:

Information and data included in the blog are for educational & non-commercial purposes only and have been carefully adapted, excerpted, or edited from reliable and accurate sources. All copyrighted material belongs to respective owners and is provided only for wider dissemination.

 

 

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538:CHINA UNVEILS LYNX ROBOT: BROADER SHIFT TOWARDS UNMANNED WARFARE

Pic Courtesy: Net

 

My Article published on The EurAsian Times Website on 24 Nov 24

 

The Chinese company Deep Robotics recently unveiled the “Lynx ” advanced quadruped robot.” This robot is designed for rugged, off-road environments and showcases its versatility by navigating extreme terrain and performing stunts like backflips and sharp turns. The robot’s robust design allows it to move at high speeds across rugged landscapes, enhancing its utility in real-world applications like disaster response and exploration.​ The robot represents a significant move in China’s broader strategy of embracing unmanned warfare.

 

Lynx Robot

 

Pic Courtesy: Net

 

Deep Robotics, founded in 2017, has made a name for itself with its innovative quadruped robots, and the Lynx represents a leap forward in terms of versatility and performance. The Lynx has all-terrain wheels, allowing it to cover uneven ground easily. Thanks to its waterproof design, it can operate in challenging conditions, including temperatures ranging from -20°C to 55°C, and in wet environments. The Lynx can autonomously navigate challenging environments for up to 4 hours on a single charge. This robot has garnered attention for its practical applications in search and rescue, mapping, inspection, and potential military uses.

 

Possible Military application.

 

The Lynx robot by Deep Robotics, with its rugged capabilities, mobility, and autonomous navigation of extreme terrains, presents several potential military applications. These features make it suitable for a range of tactical and logistical operations in military contexts, from reconnaissance missions in complex environments to providing logistical support in combat zones.

 

Reconnaissance and Surveillance. The Lynx’s ability to traverse complex environments—such as rough, mountainous terrain or urban rubble—makes it ideal for reconnaissance missions. Its autonomous navigation capabilities allow it to gather intelligence in areas that are too dangerous or difficult for human soldiers to access, providing real-time data without risking lives​.

 

Logistical Support. The robot’s capacity to carry heavy loads and its off-road agility make it a potential asset in logistical operations, particularly in combat zones. It could transport supplies, ammunition, and equipment across uneven terrain, ensuring that military units are well-supplied in challenging environments.​

 

Search and Rescue Operations. Given its versatility and ability to function in extreme conditions, the Lynx could be used in military search and rescue operations. It can be deployed in environments where traditional vehicles may struggle, such as collapsed buildings or hazardous zones after combat.​

 

Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD). The robot’s agility, ability to handle rough terrain, and precision could make it a valuable tool in EOD operations. It would allow military personnel to remotely detect and disarm explosives in hostile areas without exposing humans to danger.

 

The Lynx’s robust design and all-terrain features lend it to military applications. As with many advanced robotic systems, its military potential could be seen as a means to reduce human casualties and enhance combat capabilities.

 

Future Warfare with Unmanned Systems

 

Unmanned systems, encompassing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs), are rapidly transforming the landscape of modern warfare. With technological advancements, these systems have moved from the periphery of military operations to the forefront, providing unprecedented surveillance, reconnaissance, logistics, and combat capabilities. This article explores the tactical applications of unmanned systems in future warfare, illustrated with examples, insights from military experts, and a look at the implications for global security.

 

The Evolution of Unmanned Systems. The concept of unmanned systems is not new; however, their application has dramatically evolved over the past two decades. Initially utilised primarily for reconnaissance missions during the Cold War, UAVs gained prominence in the 1990s and early 2000s, particularly in the U.S. military’s operations in the Middle East. The 2001 invasion of Afghanistan and the subsequent Iraq War marked a turning point where UAVs like the MQ-1 Predator and MQ-9 Reaper became integral to combat operations, enabling real-time intelligence gathering and targeted strikes without risking pilot lives. A 2021 U.S. Defence Innovation Board report states, “Unmanned systems are reshaping how wars are fought, enabling forces to conduct operations with greater precision, efficiency, and reduced risk to personnel” (Defence Innovation Board, 2021).

 

Tactical Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

 

Surveillance and Reconnaissance. One of the primary applications of UAVs is for surveillance and reconnaissance missions. The ability to gather intelligence over vast areas without risking human life is invaluable. For example, during the 2012 conflict in Mali, French forces employed UAVs to monitor enemy movements and gather intelligence on insurgent groups. This enabled precise ground operations planning, significantly improving their forces’ effectiveness.

 

Precision Strikes. UAVs have also become crucial in delivering precision strikes against high-value targets. The use of drones for targeted killings has been a controversial yet effective tactic. Israel’s use of UAVs in conflicts, such as the 2006 Lebanon War, demonstrated the effectiveness of drones in both surveillance and combat roles. The Israeli Air Force’s use of the Heron and Hermes UAVs allowed for persistent monitoring and targeted strikes, significantly impacting Hezbollah’s capabilities.

 

Logistics and Resupply. Unmanned systems are also revolutionising military logistics. The U.S. Army has begun to deploy UAVs for logistical support, delivering supplies to frontline troops.  This capability was notably highlighted during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, where Azerbaijani forces utilised UAVs not only for combat but also for logistical operations, effectively resupplying troops in the field while minimising the risk of ground convoys being attacked.

 

Tactical Applications of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs)

 

Combat Support and Logistics Unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) are increasingly integrated into combat operations. These systems can perform various tasks, including surveillance, logistics, and direct enemy forces engagement. The U.S. Army’s Robotic Combat Vehicle (RCV) program exemplifies this trend, as it aims to develop UGVs that can operate alongside manned units to enhance combat effectiveness. The UGVs deployed in recent military exercises have demonstrated their ability to scout ahead of troop formations, providing critical intelligence without endangering soldiers.

 

Counter-Improvised Explosive Device (C-IED) Operations. UGVs are particularly effective in counter-IED operations, where they can safely detect and disarm explosive devices. The U.S. military has employed systems like the PackBot and Talon, successfully reducing casualties among dismounted troops. During operations in Afghanistan, UGVs were instrumental in clearing routes for ground convoys by detecting and neutralising IED threats.

 

Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR). UGVs are also involved in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations. In the aftermath of natural disasters, these vehicles can be deployed to assess damage, locate survivors, and deliver supplies. For instance, after the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan, UGVs were used to navigate debris and assess the condition of affected areas, demonstrating their versatility beyond traditional military applications.

 

Future Warfare and the Role of Unmanned Systems.

 

As warfare continues to evolve, the role of unmanned systems will only expand. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning into unmanned systems will enhance their capabilities, enabling them to operate autonomously in complex environments. This shift toward autonomy presents both opportunities and challenges for military planners.

 

Enhanced Decision-Making. Integrating AI into unmanned systems will facilitate improved decision-making in combat scenarios. AI algorithms can analyse vast amounts of data from multiple sources, providing commanders with actionable intelligence and recommendations for operations. The future battlefield will be defined by speed and the ability to process information faster than the enemy.

 

Ethical Considerations. However, the increasing reliance on unmanned systems raises significant ethical questions. The use of drones for targeted killings has sparked debate over accountability and the rules of engagement. As military operations become more automated, the question of human oversight becomes critical. Experts argue that while unmanned systems can enhance operational efficiency, they must be governed by strict ethical guidelines to prevent misuse and collateral damage.

 

Global Security Implications. The proliferation of unmanned systems is reshaping global security dynamics. As countries like China and Russia invest heavily in their drone capabilities, the balance of power is shifting. The use of UAVs in conflicts such as the Syrian Civil War and the ongoing tensions in the South China Sea highlights the strategic importance of these systems in contemporary military strategies.

 

China’s Investment in Unmanned Systems

 

China has heavily invested in unmanned systems as part of its broader goal to modernise its military and lead in technological innovation. These investments are spread across several key sectors, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), and unmanned surface vessels (USVs). These technologies have military, commercial, and strategic implications that extend beyond China’s borders.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). China is a global leader in UAV technology, mainly through the success of companies like DJI. DJI dominates the global drone market, controlling up to 70% of the worldwide share. China’s military has also developed advanced UAVs, including surveillance, reconnaissance, and strike capabilities. The Wing Loong series, for example, is a family of Chinese UAVs designed for intelligence gathering and targeted strikes. These UAVs are being developed for domestic consumption and export purposes, making China a significant player in the global defence drone market.

 

Unmanned Surface Vessels (USVs). China is making significant strides in developing USVs, which are used for maritime surveillance, reconnaissance, and mine detection. These unmanned vessels are seen as cost-effective alternatives to manned naval operations, offering the ability to patrol contested waters like the South China Sea without risking human life. USVs also help maintain a constant presence in strategic maritime regions. These vessels align with China’s broader naval ambitions to assert its presence and power projection capabilities in the Indo-Pacific.​

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Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs). China’s investment in UUVs has been critical to its maritime strategy, particularly in the South China Sea and other key waterway areas. These vehicles are essential for underwater surveillance, anti-submarine warfare, and potentially offensive operations against rival naval forces. China’s UUV technology has evolved to encompass various capabilities, from scientific exploration to military applications, such as the Haisi underwater vehicle series.​

 

Strategic and Military Applications. China’s investments are strategically aimed at bolstering its military capabilities, enhancing its surveillance capabilities, and reducing operational risks. By focusing on unmanned systems, China can maintain a technological edge in surveillance, reconnaissance, and potential combat operations. The country’s Military-Civil Fusion policy further accelerates the integration of civilian technological advances into the military, making these unmanned systems even more pivotal for national defence and global influence.​

 

Global Influence and Export Strategies. China’s dominance in the unmanned systems market has implications for its foreign policy and international influence. While Western countries like the U.S. have stricter export controls on unmanned systems, China’s more flexible approach allows it to export these technologies widely, especially to developing countries. This has led to China’s increasing presence in markets previously dominated by Western companies, positioning it as a critical player in the global defence and technology sectors.

 

China’s strategic investments in unmanned systems are part of a broader national ambition to lead in defence technology while reducing reliance on traditional military platforms. The country’s dominance in the drone market and advancements in USVs and UUVs make unmanned systems a cornerstone of China’s military modernisation efforts and broader geopolitical ambitions. These investments strengthen China’s defence capabilities and enhance its influence across global markets, particularly in rising geopolitical tensions in the Indo-Pacific and other strategic regions.

 

The increasing use of unmanned systems by state and non-state actors presents a new paradigm in warfare, challenging traditional military doctrines and necessitating a re-evaluation of defence strategies. As nations continue to develop and deploy unmanned systems, it is imperative to strike a balance between leveraging their capabilities and ensuring accountability in their use. These technologies will undoubtedly shape the future of warfare, making it essential for military leaders and policymakers to understand their implications for global security.

 

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References and credits

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