{"id":3603,"date":"2021-07-04T06:00:48","date_gmt":"2021-07-04T00:30:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/?p=3603"},"modified":"2024-12-27T15:49:13","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T10:19:13","slug":"celebrating-150th-post-with-back-to-the-basics-of-airpower","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/2021\/07\/04\/celebrating-150th-post-with-back-to-the-basics-of-airpower\/","title":{"rendered":"150: Basics of Airpower Application"},"content":{"rendered":"<h6><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">It is always good to remember the <strong>basics<\/strong> at all the times.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">With the ongoing debate about proposed organisational changes, it will be worthwhile revisiting the basics related to application of airpower.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">Effective airpower application requires a unique perspective. This <strong>perspective has been formed through a century of air operations experience<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">Following quotes, principles, guidelines and tenets are part of\u00a0 doctrinal publications of the air Forces world over.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\"><em><strong>Air warfare cannot be separated into little packets<\/strong>; it knows no boundaries on land and sea other than those imposed by the radius of action of the aircraft; it is a unity and demands unity of command.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\">-Air Marshal Arthur Tedder<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\">The other Services have air arms\u2014magnificent air arms\u2014but their air arms must fit within their Services, each with a fundamentally different focus. So those air arms, when in competition with the primary focus of their Services, will often end up on the short end, where the priorities for resources may lead to shortfalls or decisions that are suboptimum. It is therefore important to understand that the <strong>core competencies of [airpower] are optional for the other Services<\/strong>. They can elect to play or not play in that arena. But if the <strong>nation is to remain capable and competent in air and space [sic], someone must pay attention across the whole spectrum; that is why there is an Air Force.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\">-General Ronald R. Fogleman, <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\">15th Chief of Staff, USAF<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\"><em>Air power has become predominant, both as a deterrent to war, and in the eventuality of war as the devastating force to destroy an enemy&#8217;s potential and fatally undermine his will to wage war.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">-General Omar Bradley<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\"><strong>Strategic air assault is wasted if it is dissipated piecemeal<\/strong> in sporadic attacks between which the enemy has an opportunity to readjust defenses or recuperate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">&#8211; Henry H. Arnold,\u00a0\u00a0General of the Air Force<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">Basics of Airpower Application<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #0000ff;\">Appropriate and effective application of airpower is the main reason for existence of Air Force. <strong>Airpower should not be viewed as an auxiliary or complementary capability subordinate to another Service<\/strong>. \u00a0Airpower\u2019s unique attributes necessitate it be centrally controlled by an Airman.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003366;\"><strong>Air and space power is intrinsically different from either land or sea power and its employment must be guided by tenets different from those of surface forces.<\/strong> The tenets of Centralized Control, Flexibility\/Versatility, Priority, Synergy, Balance, Concentration, and Persistence are guidelines and considerations for commanders to use to exploit the mobility, responsiveness, flexibility, and versatility of air and space power.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">Airpower requires effective integration of capabilities, people, weapons, bases, logistics, and supporting infrastructure. <strong>No single aspect of airpower should be treated in isolation<\/strong> since all elements are essential and interdependent.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #333399;\"><strong>Centralized control and decentralized execution are fundamental tenets of air power<\/strong> that have evolved over decades of aerial employment and centuries of command and control during war. Air power has unique characteristics that require a different command and control construct than surface-centric combat units.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993366;\"><strong>Air and space forces must be centrally controlled<\/strong>, to achieve advantageous synergies, establish effective priorities, capitalize on unique strategic and operation flexibility, ensure unity of purpose, and minimize the potential for competing objectives. Execution of air and space missions should be decentralized to achieve effective spans of control, responsiveness, and tactical flexibility.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #008000;\">Operating at elevation above the earth\u2019s surface provides relative advantages and <strong>creates a mind-set that sees competition from a broad perspective<\/strong> (Birds eye view). The air domain allows exploitation of airpower\u2019s attributes of speed, range, precision, tempo, lethality, and adaptability to create effects in all domains.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\">Airpower can be applied by bypassing geographical limitations or striking with precision at critical vulnerabilities within adversary centers of gravity (COGs) <strong>at long ranges, on short notice, and for sustained periods. Airpower can control the tempo of operations.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993366;\">The versatility of\u00a0airpower with its lethality, speed, and persistence makes it an attractive option for many combat tasks. Commanders should\u00a0establish clear priorities for the use of airpower, <strong>Due to its inherent flexibility, the demands for\u00a0airpower\u00a0may likely exceed available resources.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #008000;\">Airpower\u2019s attributes combine to make it one of the most versatile components of military power. Its versatility allows it to be rapidly employed against <strong>strategic, operational, and tactical objectives simultaneously.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\">Airpower creates effects at the strategic level of warfare. Airpower, through global reach and global power, can hold an enemy\u2019s strategic COGs and critical vulnerabilities at risk <strong>immediately and continuously<\/strong> through kinetic or non-kinetic means.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #333300;\">Airpower provides more than lethal effects. Military diplomacy, in form of assistance to friendly countries, building alliances and posturing, provides deterrence and assures stability and security.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Whereas to shift the weight of effort on the ground from one point to another takes time, the flexibility inherent in Air Forces permits them without change of base to be switched from one objective to another.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><span style=\"color: #000080;\">-Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><br \/>\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">1O Propositions Regarding\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Air Power<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>&#8211; Colonel Phillip S. Mellinger, USAF,<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">School of Advanced Airpower Studies<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\">Whoever controls the air generally controls the surface.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\">Air Power is an inherently strategic force.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Air Power can conduct parallel operations at all levels of war, simultaneously.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #0000ff;\">Air Power is primarily an offensive weapon.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #333300;\">Air Power&#8217;s unique characteristics necessitate that it be centrally controlled by airmen.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003366;\">Air Power produces physical and psychological shock by dominating the fourth dimension-time.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Technology and air power are integrally and synergistically related.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #333399;\">Precision air weapons have redefined the meaning of mass.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #008000;\">In essence, Air Power is targeting, targeting is intelligence, and intelligence is analyzing the effects of air operations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993366;\">Air Power includes not only military assets, but an aerospace industry and commercial aviation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">If we lose the war in the air we lose the war and we lose it quickly.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">-Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\">Comments and value additions are most welcome<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #0000ff;\">For regular updates please register here &#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/subscribe\/\">https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/subscribe\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It is always good to remember the basics at all the times. With the ongoing debate about proposed organisational changes, it will be worthwhile revisiting the basics related to application of airpower. Effective airpower application requires a unique perspective. This perspective has been formed through a century of air operations experience. Following quotes, principles, guidelines &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/2021\/07\/04\/celebrating-150th-post-with-back-to-the-basics-of-airpower\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;150: Basics of Airpower Application&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,19,26,75,28,1,115,122],"tags":[6,47,42,51,8,38,58,52,30],"class_list":["post-3603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-airpower","category-article","category-best-military-quotes","category-iaf","category-technology","category-uncategorized","category-war-and-warfare","category-warfare","tag-airpower","tag-defence-services","tag-fighter-pilot","tag-flying","tag-iaf","tag-indian-air-force","tag-quotes","tag-strategic-thinking","tag-technology"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3603","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3603"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3603\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8624,"href":"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3603\/revisions\/8624"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}