{"id":11208,"date":"2026-01-21T20:43:54","date_gmt":"2026-01-21T15:13:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/?p=11208"},"modified":"2026-01-21T20:43:54","modified_gmt":"2026-01-21T15:13:54","slug":"780-achieving-convergence-an-integrated-response-to-multi-domain-hybrid-threats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/55nda.com\/blogs\/anil-khosla\/2026\/01\/21\/780-achieving-convergence-an-integrated-response-to-multi-domain-hybrid-threats\/","title":{"rendered":"780: ACHIEVING CONVERGENCE: AN INTEGRATED RESPONSE TO MULTI-DOMAIN HYBRID THREATS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Victory belongs to the side that converges fastest and most effectively<\/strong>.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\">Hybrid threats are the new normal: No clear distinction between peace and war\u2014conflict today spans land, sea, air, cyber, space, and the cognitive\/information domain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\">Recent global and regional conflicts show that economic pressure, cyberattacks, disinformation, and proxy actors can be as decisive as kinetic force.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\">For India, the challenge is amplified by:<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\">Long borders, contested domains, and grey-zone competition<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\">Rapid digitisation and dependence on networks<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\">Aatmanirbharta is not just about weapons\u2014it\u2019s about resilience across domains.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\"><strong><u>Multi-Domain Hybrid Threats<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\">These threats exploit gaps between institutions, systems, and policies\u2014not just military weaknesses.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\"><u>Uniqueness of Multi-Domain Hybrid Threats<\/u>:<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\">Simultaneous use of military and non-military tools<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\">Ambiguity in attribution and intent<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\">Designed to stay below traditional thresholds of war<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\"><u>Domains involved<\/u>:<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\">Physical: land, maritime, air &amp; space<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\">Virtual: cyber<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800000;\">Cognitive: information warfare, perception management, narrative control<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\"><strong><u>The Core Challenge: Lack of Convergence<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Without convergence, even advanced systems remain reactive instead of proactive.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\"><u>India has capabilities, but more often in silos<\/u>:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Services more often operate in parallel<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Civil-military-industry-academia linkages remain fragmented<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\"><u>Compatibility Issues<\/u>: Using disparate foreign systems makes it difficult to &#8220;talk&#8221; to one another (interoperability).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\"><u>Dependency Risks<\/u>: Dependence on foreign Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) for software updates or critical components creates a &#8220;kill switch&#8221; risk during a hybrid conflict.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\"><u>Hybrid threats demand<\/u>:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Speed of response<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Shared situational awareness<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Joint decision-making<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\"><strong><u>Achieving Convergence<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Convergence is not only jointness, but also the deliberate orchestration and synchronisation of capabilities across domains to create effects greater than the sum of parts, imposing multiple simultaneous dilemmas on the adversary.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Without convergence, the responses are fragmented, allowing the adversary to exploit seams between domains.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Convergence creates windows of advantage, collapses adversary decision cycles, and maintains superiority even against numerically\/ technologically superior foes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">It is integration across four layers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><u>Strategic &amp; Institutional Convergence<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Whole-of-government and whole-of-nation approach<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Seamless coordination between:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Armed Forces<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Intelligence agencies<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Ministries, regulators, and strategic industries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Indigenous ecosystems must align with national security priorities, not just commercial success.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\"><u>Operational Convergence<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">True multi-domain operations:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Real-time data sharing across services and agencies<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Common operational picture integrating sensors, platforms, and cyber inputs<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Indigenous command-and-control, ISR, and decision-support systems are critical.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\"><u>Technological Convergence<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Indigenous development must focus on systems-of-systems, not standalone platforms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Priority areas:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">AI-enabled analytics<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Cyber-secure networks<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Space-based surveillance and communications<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Avoiding vendor lock-in and foreign black boxes is a strategic imperative.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\"><u>Cognitive &amp; Information Convergence<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Hybrid warfare targets public perception, morale, and trust.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Defence preparedness today includes cognitive security.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Indigenous capabilities in:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Information monitoring<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Narrative analysis<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Strategic communication<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\"><strong><u>Role of Indigenous Defence Ecosystems<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">Indigenous ecosystem: It enables trusted integration across domains (critical for convergence).<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">Aatmanirbharta is not a luxury; it is a strategic necessity. It ensures:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">Sovereign control over design, development, upgradation, and maintenance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">Rapid customisation to the Indian threat environment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">Uninterrupted supply in contested scenarios.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">Assured availability during crises<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">Faster upgrades and adaptation<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">Security of data and algorithms<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">Indigenous ecosystems should be:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">Collaborative, not service-specific<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">Dual-use, leveraging civil innovation (startups, academia, MSMEs)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">Initiatives like iDEX and Make in India must evolve toward mission-oriented innovation, not isolated products.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\"><strong><u>Building an Integrated Response: The Way Forward<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Move from platform-centric thinking to capability-centric planning<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\"><u>Encourage<\/u>:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Joint problem statements from the Armed Forces<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Early user involvement in indigenous R&amp;D<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\"><u>Invest in<\/u>:<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Talent pipelines in cyber, AI, space, and EW<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Indigenous C4ISR backbone: C4I2SR (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Information, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Data Fusion: Using AI\/ML to process massive data from satellites, drones, and social media into actionable insights.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Cyber-Physical Security: Protecting critical infrastructure (grids, ports) alongside military hardware.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Electronic Warfare (EW): Developing indigenous jammers and decoy systems to blind adversary sensors. Indigenous testbeds and simulation environments<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Space &amp; counter-space capabilities: Indigenous satellites, ASAT, space domain awareness.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Cognitive\/information domain mastery: Indigenous tools to counter disinformation, build narrative resilience.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Unmanned &amp; autonomous systems: Swarm drones, UUVs, loitering munitions \u2014 all indigenously designed for multi-domain synergy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\"><u>Cultivate the Ecosystem<\/u><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Plug-and-Play Architecture: Encourage the development of &#8220;Open Standards&#8221; so a startup\u2019s AI algorithm can easily integrate with a major defence platform.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Civil-Military Fusion: Leverage India\u2019s private sector IT prowess to build defensive cyber-moats.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Testing and Iteration: Create &#8220;Sandboxes&#8221; where indigenous tech can be tested against simulated hybrid threats in real-time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Prioritise indigenous tech in acquisition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Invest heavily in R&amp;D ecosystems: Deep tech fund, long-term loans, tax incentives for startups.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Build resilience &amp; redundancy: Multiple indigenous sources for critical components.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Foster international partnerships: Only where they complement (not substitute) indigenous capability.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #003300;\">Measure success not by import substitution alone, but by operational effectiveness in contested, multi-domain scenarios.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\"><strong><u>Closing Thought<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\">Hybrid threats are designed to exploit disunity and delay.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\">Convergence is the force multiplier, and Aatmanirbharta is the necessary enabler.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\">Building indigenous defence capability is ultimately about: Ensuring India can think, decide, and act independently across all domains\u2014at the speed of modern conflict.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #008000;\">Please Add Value to the write-up with your views on the subject.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ays_finish_poll_2\" name=\"ays_finish_poll_2\" value=\"e9a67b997c\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" 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!important;\t\t}\t\t.ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.ays-minimal-theme input[type='button'].ays-poll-btn:hover, .ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.ays-minimal-theme input[type='button'].ays-poll-btn:focus{\t\t\ttext-decoration: none;\t\t}\t\t.ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.ays-minimal-theme input[type='button'].ays-poll-btn{\t\t    color: initial !important;\t\t    background: initial !important;\t\t    border: 1px solid #0C6291;\t\t    border-radius: 3px;\t\t}\t\t.ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.ays-minimal-theme .ays_poll_passed_count{\t\t    color: #0C6291 !important;\t\t    background: initial !important;\t\t    border: 1px solid #0C6291;\t\t    border-radius: 3px;\t\t}\t\t.ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.ays-minimal-theme .ays_poll_passed_count i.ays_poll_fa:before{\t\t    color: #0C6291 !important;\t\t    \t\t}        .ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.ays-minimal-theme .answer-percent{        \tcolor: initial !important;\t\t}        .ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm span.ays_poll_passed_count{            background-color: #0C6291;            color: #FBFEF9;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm span.ays_poll_passed_count i{            color: #FBFEF9;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-title-box{            background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);        }        .ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 .answer-percent {            background-color: #0C6291;            color: #FBFEF9 !important;        }        .ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 .ays-poll-btn{            color: #FBFEF9 !important;            background-color: #0C6291 !important;            overflow: hidden;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 .ays-poll-view-more-button{\t\t    border-radius: 0;\t\t}        .ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm * {            color: #0C6291;        }        .ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-title-box div {            color: #0C6291;            text-transform: inherit;            font-family: inherit;\t\t\t        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm i {            color: #0C6291;            font-size: 24px;            font-style: normal;                    }\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 .ays-poll-btn{       \t\twidth: auto;\t\t\tfont-size: 17px;\t\t\tpadding: 10px 20px;\t\t\tborder-radius: 3px;\t\t\tcolor: #FBFEF9 !important;\t\t\tbackground: #0C6291 !important;\t\t}\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 .apm-add-answer input.ays-poll-new-answer-apply-text{            width: 100%;\t\t\tmargin-bottom: 0;\t\t\tmargin-right: 5px;\t\t\tborder-color: #0C6291; \t\t\tpadding: 7px;\t\t\tfont-size: 14px;\t\t\tcolor: black;\t\t\theight: 40px; \t\t\toutline: none;\t\t\tdisplay: inline-block;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm i.ays_poll_far{                        font-family: 'Font Awesome 5 Free';        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-choosing .ays-poll-each-answer-list{            \t\t\twidth: initial;\t\t\ttext-align: initial;\t\t\tdisplay: initial;\t\t\tpadding: 10px;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-choosing .ays-poll-each-answer-grid{            \t\t\twidth: 100%;\t\t\ttext-align: left;\t\t\tdisplay: inline-block;\t\t\tword-break: break-word;        }\t\t        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-choosing .ays_label_poll{            \t\t\twidth: 100%;\t\t\ttext-align: center;\t\t\tdisplay: flex;\t\t\t;\t\t\talign-items: center;\t\t\tpadding: 10px;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-choosing .ays-poll-each-image{            \t\t\theight: 150px;\t\t\tborder-radius: 0px;\t\t\tobject-fit: cover;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-choosing .ays-poll-each-image-list{\t\t\twidth: 220px;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-choosing .ays-poll-each-image-grid{\t\t\twidth: 100%;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-choosing .ays-poll-answer-container-label-grid{\t\t\talign-items: center;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-choosing .ays-poll-answer-container-label-list{\t\t\tflex-direction: row;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .ays_poll_grid_view_container{\t\t\tdisplay: flex;\t\t\tflex-wrap: wrap;\t\t\tjustify-content: space-between;\t\t\talign-items: flex-start;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .ays-poll-answer-container-gird{\t\t\twidth: calc(50% - 5px);\t\t\tmargin-bottom: 10px;        }\t\t        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .ays_poll_label_without_padding{\t\t\tpadding: 10px;\t\t\talign-items: center;\t\t\tflex-direction: column;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-title-box div{\t\t\tfont-size: 20px;\t\t\tword-break: break-word;\t\t\tword-wrap: break-word;\t\t\ttext-align: center;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .ays-poll-answer-container-list{\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\t\t\tdisplay: flex;\t\t\twidth: 100%;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .ays-poll-maker-text-answer-main input,\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .ays-poll-maker-text-answer-main textarea{\t\t\tmin-width: 150px;\t\t\tmax-width: 100%;\t\t\twidth: %;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .ays-poll-password-box .ays-poll-password-button-box .ays-poll-password-button{\t\t\tbackground-color: #0C6291;\t\t\tcolor: #FBFEF9;\t\t\tborder-color: #0C6291;\t\t\toutline: none;\t\t\tbox-shadow: unset;\t\t\tborder: 0;\t\t\ttransition: .5s;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .ays-poll-password-box .ays-poll-password-button-box .ays-poll-password-button:hover{\t\t\tbackground-color: #0C6291b5;        }        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .ays-poll-password-box .ays-poll-password-input-box .ays-poll-password-input{\t\t\tborder-color: #0C6291;        }\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-answers .apm-choosing label.ays_label_poll{            \t\t\tbox-shadow:unset;\t\t\tborder-radius: 0px;        }\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm.text-poll .apm-answers .ays-poll-text-types-inputs{            \t\t\tfont-size: 16px;        }\t\t\t\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 div.apm-load-message-container{            \t\t\t\tbackground-color: #FBFEF9 !important;\t\t\t}\t        #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.choosing-poll label {\t            background-color: #FBFEF9;\t            border: 1px solid #0C6291;\t            text-transform: inherit;\t        }        .ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.choosing-poll input[type=radio]:checked + label,\t\t.ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08:not(.ays-minimal-theme).choosing-poll input[type='checkbox']:checked + label,        .ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.choosing-poll label.ays_enable_hover:hover {        \tbackground-color: #0C6291 !important;            color: #FBFEF9;        }\t\t.ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08:not(.ays-minimal-theme).choosing-poll input[type='checkbox']{\t\t\tdisplay: none;\t\t}        .ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.choosing-poll input[type=radio]:checked + label *,        .ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.choosing-poll input[type=checkbox]:checked + label *,        .ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.choosing-poll label.ays_enable_hover:hover * {            color: #FBFEF9;        }.ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 .apm-info-form input {            border-color: #0C6291;        }        div[class~=ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08] label.ays_label_font_size {            font-size: 16px;        }        button.ays-poll-next-btn:focus {            background: unset;            outline: none;        }        button.ays-poll-next-btn:disabled {            cursor: not-allowed;            background: dimgrey !important;            color: white !important;        }        button.ays-poll-next-btn:enabled {            cursor: pointer;        }        .ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 .apm-info-form input {            color: #0C6291 !important;            background-color: #FBFEF9 !important;        }         .ays-poll-main #ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 .ays-poll-img {            object-fit: cover;\t\t\theight: 100%;         }        .ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 div.apm-loading-gif .apm-loader svg path,        .ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 div.apm-loading-gif .apm-loader svg rect {            fill: #0C6291;        }.ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 div.apm-loading-gif .apm-loader{\t\t\t\tdisplay: flex;\t\t\t\tjustify-content: center;\t\t\t\talign-items: center;\t\t\t\tpadding-top: 10px;\t\t\t}\t\t\t.ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 div.apm-loading-gif{\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;    \t\t\theight: 100%;\t\t\t}\t\t\t.ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .ays_question p{\t\t\tfont-size: 16px;\t\t}\t\t\t\t@media only screen and (max-width: 768px){\t\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm {\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\t\t\t}\t\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .ays-poll-btn{\t\t\t\twidth: auto;\t\t\t}\t\t\t.ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .ays_question p{\t\t\t\tfont-size: 16px;\t\t\t}\t\t\t.ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 .apm-answers,\t\t\t.ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 .ays_poll_grid_view_container {\t\t\t\tflex-direction: column;\t\t\t}\t\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .ays-poll-answer-container-gird{\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\t\t\t}\t\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-title-box div{\t\t\t\tfont-size: 20px;\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\t\t\t\tword-break: break-word;\t\t\t\tword-wrap: break-word;\t\t\t}\t\t\t.ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm label.ays_label_font_size {\t\t\t\tfont-size: 16px;\t\t\t}\t\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm.text-poll .apm-answers .ays-poll-text-types-inputs{            \t\t\t\tfont-size: 16px;\t\t\t}\t\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-answers > .apm-choosing > .ays_label_poll > div.ays-poll-answer-image > img.ays-poll-each-image{\t\t\t\theight: 150px;\t\t\t}\t\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-answers .apm-choosing > label.ays-poll-answer-container-label-list > p.ays-poll-answers > span.ays-poll-each-answer-list {\t\t\t\tpadding: unset;\t\t\t\tword-wrap: break-word;\t\t\t}\t\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 .ays-poll-btn{\t\t\t\tfont-size: 17px;\t\t\t\tline-height: 1;\t\t\t\twhite-space: normal;\t\t\t\tword-break: break-word;\t\t\t}\t\t}\t\t@media screen and (max-width: 768px){\t\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08{\t\t\t\tmax-width: 100%;\t\t\t}\t\t}\t\t#ays-poll-container-2{        \twidth: 100%;\t\t}\t\t@media screen and (max-width: 768px){\t\t\t#ays-poll-container-2{\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\t\t\t\tmax-width: 96%;\t\t\t}\t\t\t#ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08.box-apm .apm-choosing .ays-poll-each-image-list{\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;        \t}\t\t}\t\t\t           <\/style>        <script>            var dataCss = {\t\t\t\twidth: '100%',                maxWidth: '98%',                fontSize: '16px',                padding: '10px',                margin: '0 auto',                marginTop: '-1rem',                borderStyle: 'ridge',                borderWidth: '2px',                borderColor: '#0C6291',                background: '#FBFEF9',                color: '#0C6291',                transition: '.3s ease',                WebkitAppearance: 'none',                appearance: 'none',                };            var hoverCss = {                background: '#0C6291',                color: '#FBFEF9',                borderColor: '#FBFEF9',            };        <\/script><div style='margin-bottom: 1rem;' class='ays-poll-main ' id='ays-poll-container-2' data-load-method=''>        <form style='margin-bottom: 0;' >                        <div                dir='ltr'        data-loading='load_gif'        data-load-gif='plg_default'        data-load-gif-font-size='64'                data-hide-bg-image='false'        data-gradient-check=''        data-gradient-dir='to bottom'        data-gradient-c1='#103251'        data-gradient-c2='#607593'        data-hide-bg-image-def-color='#FBFEF9'        data-show-social=''        class='box-apm  voting-poll ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 '        id='ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08'        data-res='0'        data-res-sort='none'        data-restart ='false'        data-redirection = '0'        data-redirect-check = '0'        data-url-href = ''        data-href = ''        data-delay = '0'        data-id='2'        data-res-rgba = ''        data-percent-color = '#0C6291'        data-enable-top-animation = ''        data-top-animation-scroll = '100'        data-info-form=''        data-enable-social-links=''        ><span class='ays_poll_passed_count'><i class='ays_poll_fa ays_poll_fa-users' aria-hidden='true'><\/i> 1878<\/span><div class='ays_poll_cb_and_a'><\/div><div class='apm-title-box'><div>Default rating<\/div><\/div><div class='ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 ays_question'><p>Please give a thumbs up if you\u00a0 like The Post?<\/p><\/div><div class='ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08 hideResults ays-poll-hide-result-box'> <\/div><div class='apm-answers  '><div class='apm-voting answer-ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08'><input type='radio' name='answer' id='radio-0-ays-poll-id-69eae5391fd08' value='20'>                                                    <label 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